Namhlanje sicinga ngolweloi-heliumnjengeyona nto ibandayo emhlabeni. Ngaba ngoku lixesha lokuba simhlolisise kwakhona?

Ukunqongophala kwe-helium okuzayo

I-Heliumyinto yesibini exhaphakileyo kwindalo iphela, ngoko ke ingabakho njani ukunqongophala? Ungatsho into efanayo nge-hydrogen, exhaphake ngakumbi. Kusenokuba zininzi ngaphezulu, kodwa azininzi ngaphantsi. Nantsi into esiyidingayo.I-HeliumAyisiyo marike inkulu kakhulu. Imfuno yonyaka yehlabathi iqikelelwa ukuba imalunga ne-6 yeebhiliyoni zee-cubic feet (Bcf) okanye i-170 yezigidi zee-cubic metres (m3). Kunzima ukumisela ixabiso langoku, kuba ixabiso lidla ngokuxoxiswana ngalo ngesivumelwano phakathi komthengi nomthengisi, kodwa uCliff Cain, i-CEO yenkampani yokubonisana ngegesi engaqhelekanga i-Edelgas Group, unike inani le-1800 yeedola/izigidi zee-cubic feet (mcf). I-Edgar Group ifunda imarike kwaye icebisa uninzi lweenkampani ezisebenza kwimarike. Imarike yehlabathi iyonke yolweloi-heliumngobuninzi isenokuba malunga ne-$3 yeebhiliyoni.

Nangona kunjalo, imfuno isakhula, ikakhulu kwicandelo lezonyango, isayensi kunye netekhnoloji kunye neleenqwelo-moya, kwaye "iya kuqhubeka ikhula", utshilo uCain.I-Heliumixinene ngokuphindwe kasixhenxe kunomoya. Ukutshintsha umoya kwi-hard disk drive ngei-heliuminokunciphisa ukungazinzi, kwaye idiski inokujikeleza ngcono, ngoko ke iidiski ezininzi zinokufakwa kwindawo encinci kwaye zisebenzise amandla amancinci.I-HeliumIi-hard drive ezizalisiweyo zonyusa umthamo nge-50% kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla nge-23%. Ngenxa yoko, uninzi lweziko ledatha elikumgangatho ophezulu ngoku zisebenzisa ii-hard drive ezizalisiweyo nge-helium. Ikwasetyenziswa kwizifundi zebhakhowudi, iitships zekhompyutha, ii-semiconductors, iiphaneli ze-LCD, kunye neentambo ze-fiber optic.

Elinye icandelo elikhula ngokukhawuleza litya imali eninzii-helium, elishishini lasesibhakabhakeni. I-Helium isetyenziswa kwiitanki zepetroli zeerokhethi, iisathelayithi kunye nee-particle accelerators. Uxinano lwayo oluphantsi luthetha ukuba ingasetyenziselwa ukuntywila elwandle olujulileyo, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo okubaluleke kakhulu kukusetyenziswa njenge-coolant, ngakumbi kwiimagnethi kwiimashini ze-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Kufuneka zigcinwe kufutshane ne-absolute zero ukugcina iipropati ze-quantum zeemagnethi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngamandla azo. Umatshini we-MRI oqhelekileyo ufuna iilitha ezingama-2000 zolwelo.i-heliumKunyaka ophelileyo, i-United States yenze uvavanyo lwe-nuclear magnetic resonance olumalunga nezigidi ezingama-38. I-Forbes ikholelwa ukubai-heliumukunqongophala kusenokuba yingxaki elandelayo yezonyango kwihlabathi liphela.

"Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwe-nuclear magnetic resonance imaging kuluntu lwezonyango,i-heliumingxaki kufuneka ibe yeyona nto iphambili nebalulekileyo kwezopolitiko, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo, oogqirha, izigulane kunye noluntu ukuze baxoxe baze bafumane izisombululo ezizinzileyo.i-heliumyingxaki enkulu, esichaphazela sonke ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo.”

Neebhaluni zepati.

Ixabiso le-helium liza kunyuka

Ukuba uyinkampani yeenqwelo moya eshishini layo lixhomekeke ekuthumeleni iisathelayithi esibhakabhakeni, okanye umenzi we-MRI eshishini layo lixhomekeke ekuthengiseni oomatshini be-MRI, awuyi kuvumelai-heliumukunqongophala kuyayithintela ishishini lakho. Awuyi kuyimisa imveliso. Uza kuhlawula nayiphi na ixabiso elifunekayo kwaye udlulisele iindleko. Iifowuni eziphathwayo, iikhompyutha nazo zonke iimfuno zobomi banamhlanjei-heliumAkukho nto inokuthatha indawo ye-helium, ngaphandle kwayo besiya kubuyela kwiXesha leLitye.

I-Heliumyimveliso ephuma kwimveliso yokucocwa kwegesi yendalo. Umvelisi omkhulu emhlabeni yi-United States (emalunga ne-40% yobonelelo), ilandelwa yiQatar, i-Algeria kunye neRashiya. Nangona kunjalo, ilizwe laseMelikai-heliumIndawo yokugcina umbane, eyona mithombo mikhulu yehelium ehlabathini kwiminyaka engama-70 edlulileyo, iyekile ukubonelela. Le nkampani ivumela abasebenzi ukuba bahambe, kwaye uxinzelelo oluselucwangcisiweyo luye lwakhululwa. Xa kufuneka i-1200 psi kwimveliso, uxinzelelo ngoku luyi-700 psi. Ubuncinane ngokwethiyori, inkqubo ngoku iyathengiswa.

La maxwebhu adibene nokulibaziseka kwiNdlu yoMhlophe, okunokuthatha ixesha elithile ukusombulula. Asiyi kubona ntengiso ide isonjululwe. Abathengi abanokubakho kufuneka baqaphele nezinto ezingcolisiweyo kunye neenkqubo zomthetho eziqhubekayo. Ukunikezelwa kwempahla enkului-heliumUmzi-mveliso osandul’ ukwakhiwa yiGazprom eAmur, empuma yeRashiya, nawo uvaliwe, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba kubekho mveliso ngaphambi kokuphela kuka-2023, kuba uxhomekeke kwiinjineli zaseNtshona, ezingafuniyo ukuthumela abasebenzi eRashiya okwangoku.

Nokuba kunjalo, kuya kuba nzima kwiRashiya ukuthengisa ngaphandle kweTshayina neRashiya. Enyanisweni, iRashiya inokuba ngumvelisi omkhulu kwihlabathi – kodwa le yiRashiya. Ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, iQatar ibivaliwe kabini. Nangona ivuliwe kwakhona, ngamafutshane, sifumene imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-helium deficiency 4.0, eyingxaki yesine yehlabathi ukusukela ngo-2006.

Amathuba kwishishini le-helium

Njengakwii-heliumukunqongophala kwe-1.0, 2.0 kunye ne-3.0, ukuphazamiseka kokunikezelwa kwemveliso encinci nako kubangele ixhala. Ukunqongophala kwe-helium 4.0 kukuqhubeka kwe-2.0 kunye ne-3.0. Ngamafutshane, ihlabathi lifuna ukunikezelwa okutsha kwe-i-heliumIsisombululo kukutyala imali kubavelisi kunye nabaphuhlisi be-helium abanokubakho. Baninzi ngaphandle, kodwa njengazo zonke iinkampani zemithombo yendalo, ama-75% abantu aya kusilela.