Ngaba zikho ezinye iiplanethi ezinemo engqongileyo efana neyethu?Ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yobuchwepheshe beenkwenkwezi, ngoku siyazi ukuba kukho amawaka eeplanethi ezijikeleza iinkwenkwezi ezikude.Uphononongo olutsha lubonisa ukuba ezinye ii-exoplanets kwindalo yonke zinei-heliumumoya otyebileyo.Isizathu sobukhulu obungalinganiyo beeplanethi kwisixokelelwano selanga sinxulumenei-heliumumxholo.Oku kufunyenweyo kunokuqhubela phambili ukuqonda kwethu ngendaleko yezijikelezi-langa.

Imfihlakalo malunga nokutenxa kobungakanani beeplanethi ze-extrasolar

Kwakungekho de kwango-1992 apho i-exoplanet yokuqala yafunyanwa.Isizathu sokuba kuthathe ixesha elide ukufumana iiplanethi ezingaphandle kwesijikelezi-langa kukuba zithintelwe kukukhanya kweenkwenkwezi.Ngoko ke, izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ziye zeza nendlela ekrelekrele yokufumana ii-exoplanets.Ijonga ukuba luzizi komgca wexesha phambi kokuba isijikelezi-langa sidlule inkwenkwezi.Ngale ndlela, ngoku siyazi ukuba iiplanethi ziqhelekile nangaphandle kwesijikelezi-langa sethu.Ubuncinci isiqingatha selanga njengeenkwenkwezi sinobukhulu beplanethi enye ukusuka eMhlabeni ukuya eNeptune.Kukholelwa ukuba ezi planethi zine "hydrogen" kunye ne "helium" atmosphere, ezaqokelelwa kwirhasi nothuli olujikeleze iinkwenkwezi ekuzalweni.

Okumangalisayo kukuba, ubukhulu bee-exoplanets buyahluka phakathi kwamaqela amabini.Enye imalunga ne-1,5 ubukhulu bomhlaba, kwaye enye iphinda kabini ubukhulu bomhlaba.Kwaye ngesizathu esithile, akukho nto iphakathi.Oku kunxaxha kwe-amplitude kubizwa ngokuba yi "radius valley".Ukusombulula le mfihlelo kukholelwa ukuba kusinceda siqonde ukubunjwa kunye nokuvela kwezi planethi.

Ubudlelwane phakathii-heliumkunye nokutenxa kobungakanani beeplanethi ze-extrasolar

Enye ingqikelelo yeyokuba ukutenxa kobungakanani (intlambo) yeeplanethi ezingaphandle kwelanga kunxulumene nomoya weplanethi.Iinkwenkwezi ziindawo ezimbi kakhulu, apho iiplanethi zihlala zihlaselwa yi-X-reyi kunye nemitha ye-ultraviolet.Kukholelwa ukuba oku kwawuhlutha umoya, kwashiya umbindi welitye elincinane.Ngoko ke, u-Isaac Muskie, umfundi ogqirha kwiYunivesithi yaseMichigan, kunye noLeslie Rogers, isazi se-astrophysicist kwiYunivesithi yaseChicago, bagqiba ekubeni bafunde i-phenomenon ye-planetary atmospheric stripping, ebizwa ngokuba "yi-atmospheric dissipation".

Ukuqonda ifuthe lobushushu kunye nemitha kwiatmosfera yomhlaba, basebenzise idatha yeplanethi kunye nemithetho yendalo ukwenza imodeli kwaye baqhube ukulinganisa kwe-70000.Baye bafumanisa ukuba, iibhiliyoni zeminyaka emva kokusekwa kweeplanethi, i-hydrogen enobunzima be-athomu encinci iya kunyamalalai-helium.Ngaphezulu kwe-40% yobunzima bomoya we-atmosfera woMhlaba unokubunjwai-helium.

Ukuqonda ukubunjwa kunye nokuvela kweeplanethi ngumkhondo wokufunyanwa kobomi obungaphandle komhlaba

Ukuqonda ifuthe lobushushu kunye nemitha kwiatmosfera yomhlaba, basebenzise idatha yeplanethi kunye nemithetho yendalo ukwenza imodeli kwaye baqhube ukulinganisa kwe-70000.Baye bafumanisa ukuba, iibhiliyoni zeminyaka emva kokusekwa kweeplanethi, i-hydrogen enobunzima be-athomu encinci iya kunyamalalai-helium.Ngaphezulu kwe-40% yobunzima bomoya we-atmosfera woMhlaba unokubunjwai-helium.

Kwelinye icala, iiplanethi ezisenehydrogen kunyei-heliumzibe nemimoya eyandisiweyo.Ngoko ke, ukuba umoya usekho, abantu bacinga ukuba iya kuba liqela elikhulu leeplanethi.Zonke ezi zijikelezi-langa zinokuba shushu, zibe sesichengeni semitha eyingozi, kwaye zibe nomoya woxinzelelo oluphezulu.Ngoko ke, ukufunyaniswa kobomi kubonakala kungenakwenzeka.Kodwa ukuqonda inkqubo yokwenziwa kwezijikelezi-langa kuya kusenza sikwazi ukuqikelela ngakumbi ukuba zeziphi iiplanethi ezikhoyo nokuba zikhangeleka njani na.Ingasetyenziselwa ukukhangela ii-exoplanets eziphila ubomi bokuzala.