Ngaba zikho ezinye iiplanethi ezinemo engqongileyo efana neyethu? Ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yobuchwepheshe beenkwenkwezi, ngoku siyazi ukuba kukho amawaka eeplanethi ezijikeleza iinkwenkwezi ezikude. Uphononongo olutsha lubonisa ukuba ezinye ii-exoplanets kwindalo yonke zinei-heliumumoya otyebileyo. Isizathu sobukhulu obungalinganiyo beeplanethi kwisixokelelwano selanga sinxulumenei-heliumumxholo. Oku kufunyenweyo kunokuqhubela phambili ukuqonda kwethu ngendaleko yezijikelezi-langa.

Imfihlakalo malunga nokutenxa kobungakanani beeplanethi ze-extrasolar

Kwakungekho de kwango-1992 apho i-exoplanet yokuqala yafunyanwa. Isizathu sokuba kuthathe ixesha elide ukufumana iiplanethi ezingaphandle kwesijikelezi-langa kukuba zithintelwe kukukhanya kweenkwenkwezi. Ngoko ke, izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ziye zeza nendlela ekrelekrele yokufumana ii-exoplanets. Ijonga ukuba luzizi komgca wexesha phambi kokuba isijikelezi-langa sidlule inkwenkwezi. Ngale ndlela, ngoku siyazi ukuba iiplanethi ziqhelekile nangaphandle kwesijikelezi-langa sethu. Ubuncinci isiqingatha selanga njengeenkwenkwezi sinobukhulu beplanethi enye ukusuka eMhlabeni ukuya eNeptune. Kukholelwa ukuba ezi planethi zinee-atmosphere "ze-hydrogen" kunye ne-"helium", ezaqokelelwa kwigesi kunye nothuli olujikeleze iinkwenkwezi ekuzalweni.

Okumangalisayo kukuba, ubukhulu bee-exoplanets buyahluka phakathi kwamaqela amabini. Enye imalunga ne-1,5 ubukhulu bomhlaba, kwaye enye iphinda kabini ubukhulu bomhlaba. Kwaye ngesizathu esithile, akukho nto iphakathi. Oku kunxaxha kwe-amplitude kubizwa ngokuba yi "radius valley". Ukusombulula le mfihlelo kukholelwa ukuba kusinceda siqonde ukubunjwa kunye nokuvela kwezi planethi.

Ubudlelwane phakathii-heliumkunye nokutenxa kobungakanani beeplanethi ze-extrasolar

Enye ingqikelelo yeyokuba ukutenxa kobungakanani (intlambo) yeeplanethi ezingaphandle kwelanga kunxulumene nomoya weplanethi. Iinkwenkwezi ziindawo ezimbi kakhulu, apho iiplanethi zihlala zihlaselwa yi-X-reyi kunye nemitha ye-ultraviolet. Kukholelwa ukuba oku kwawuhlutha umoya, kwashiya umbindi welitye elincinane. Ngoko ke, u-Isaac Muskie, umfundi ogqirha kwiYunivesithi yaseMichigan, kunye noLeslie Rogers, i-astrophysicist kwiYunivesithi yaseChicago, bagqiba ekubeni bafunde isiganeko sokuhluthwa kweplanethi ye-atmospheric, ebizwa ngokuba "yi-atmospheric dissipation".

Ukuqonda ifuthe lobushushu kunye nemitha kwiatmosfera yomhlaba, basebenzise idatha yeplanethi kunye nemithetho yendalo ukwenza imodeli kwaye baqhube ukulinganisa kwe-70000. Baye bafumanisa ukuba, iibhiliyoni zeminyaka emva kokusekwa kweeplanethi, i-hydrogen enobunzima be-athomu encinci iya kunyamalalai-helium. Ngaphezulu kwe-40% yobunzima bomoya we-atmosfera woMhlaba unokubunjwai-helium.

Ukuqonda ukubunjwa kunye nokuvela kweeplanethi ngumkhondo wokufunyanwa kobomi obungaphandle komhlaba

Ukuqonda ifuthe lobushushu kunye nemitha kwiatmosfera yomhlaba, basebenzise idatha yeplanethi kunye nemithetho yendalo ukwenza imodeli kwaye baqhube ukulinganisa kwe-70000. Baye bafumanisa ukuba, iibhiliyoni zeminyaka emva kokusekwa kweeplanethi, i-hydrogen enobunzima be-athomu encinci iya kunyamalalai-helium. Ngaphezulu kwe-40% yobunzima bomoya we-atmosfera woMhlaba unokubunjwai-helium.

Kwelinye icala, iiplanethi ezisenehydrogen kunyei-heliumzibe nemimoya eyandisiweyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba umoya usekho, abantu bacinga ukuba iya kuba liqela elikhulu leeplanethi. Zonke ezi zijikelezi-langa zinokuba shushu, zibe sesichengeni semitha eyingozi, kwaye zibe nomoya woxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ngoko ke, ukufunyaniswa kobomi kubonakala kungenakwenzeka. Kodwa ukuqonda inkqubo yokwenziwa kwezijikelezi-langa kuya kusenza sikwazi ukuqikelela ngakumbi ukuba zeziphi iiplanethi ezikhoyo nokuba zikhangeleka njani na. Ingasetyenziselwa ukukhangela ii-exoplanets eziphila ubomi bokuzala.