I-Amoniya (NH3)

Iiparamitha zobuGcisa

Ulwelo ammonia, nekwaziwa ngokuba yi anhydrous ammonia, lulwelo olungenambala kunye nevumba elibukhali elinukayo kunye nomhlwa. Njengemathiriyeli ebalulekileyo yeekhemikhali, i-ammonia ihlala isetyenziselwa ukufumana i-ammonia engamanzi ngokucinezela okanye ukupholisa i-ammonia yegesi ukuze kube lula ukuthutha kunye nokugcinwa. I-ammonia yolwelo inyibilika ngokulula emanzini, kwaye yenza i-ammonium ion NH4 + kunye ne-hydroxide ion OH- emva kokunyibilika emanzini. Isisombululo yialkaline. I-ammonia yolwelo isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino, iyadleka kwaye kulula ukuyitshintsha, ngoko ke izinga lengozi yekhemikhali liphezulu kakhulu. Ulwelo ammonia sisinyibilikisi esiqhele ukusetyenziswa kwi-inorganic non-aqueous, kwaye ikwasetyenziswa njengesikhenkcisi kunye nemveliso yemveliso yemathiriyeli ekrwada. Isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwezichumisi, iziqhushumbisi, iiplastiki kunye nemicu yeekhemikhali. Isisombululo se-metal-liquid ammonia sineempawu zokunciphisa ezinamandla kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-inorganic and organic synthesis. Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kweengqungquthela zetsimbi zenguqu kunye neendawo eziphantsi ze-oxidation. Kwi-organic chemistry, isisombululo se-sodium-liquid ammonia sisetyenziswa kwi-reaction ye-Birch yokunciphisa ukunciphisa i-ring ring ye-cyclohexadiene ring. Izisombululo ze-ammonia zamanzi zesodium okanye ezinye izinyithi zinokunciphisa i-alkynes ukuvelisa i-trans-olefins. Kwishishini lemichiza, i-ammonia elulwelo yenye yezinto ezisetyenziswa ekuvelisweni kwe-urea. Ngelo xesha, ngenxa yeekhemikhali ezikhethekileyo zeekhemikhali, isetyenziswe kakuhle kwi-semiconductor kunye ne-metallurgical industry. I-ammonia yolwelo igcinwa kakhulu kwiisilinda zetsimbi ezinganyangekiyo okanye iitanki zentsimbi, kwaye ayinakuhlalisana ne-acetaldehyde, i-acrolein, i-boron kunye nezinye izinto. Iisilinda ze-ammonia zamanzi kufuneka zigcinwe kwindawo yokugcina impahla okanye kwiqonga elineshedi. Xa ukupakishwa kwindawo evulekileyo, kufuneka igqunywe ngentente ukuthintela ukukhanya kwelanga. Iisilinda zentsimbi kunye neelori zetanki ezithwala i-ammonia engamanzi kufuneka zikhuselwe kubushushu ngexesha lothutho, kwaye izixhobo zomlilo zithintelwe ngokungqongqo.

Isicelo:

1. Izichumisi zemichiza:
I-ammonia yolwelo isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimveliso ye-nitric acid, urea kunye nezinye izichumisi zekhemikhali.
 
2. Imathiriyeli ekrwada:
Ingasetyenziswa njengemathiriyeli ekrwada kwiyeza kunye nesibulali zinambuzane.
 
3. Ukwenziwa kwerokethi, isiqhushumbisi somjukujelwa:
Kwishishini lokhuselo, elisetyenziswa ekwenzeni i-rocket, i-missile propellant.
 
4. Isikhenkcisi:
Ingasetyenziswa njengefriji.
 
5. Ukugqitywa kweMercerized of textiles:
I-ammonia yolwelo inokusetyenziselwa ukugqitywa kwe-Mercerized of textiles.

Ubungakanani Bepakethe:

Izinto eziluncedo:

1. Umzi-mveliso wethu uvelisa i-NH3 kwimathiriyeli ekrwada ekumgangatho ophezulu, ngaphandle kwexabiso eliphantsi.
2. I-NH3 iveliswa emva kwamaxesha amaninzi iinkqubo zokuhlanjululwa kunye nokulungiswa kwifektri yethu.Inkqubo yokulawula i-intanethi iqinisekisa ukucoceka kwegesi yonke inqanaba.Imveliso egqityiweyo kufuneka ihlangabezane nomgangatho.
3. Ngethuba lokuzaliswa, i-cylinder kufuneka iqale yomiswe ixesha elide (ubuncinci i-16hrs), emva koko sicoce i-cylinder, ekugqibeleni siyikhuphe nge-gas yokuqala.Zonke ezi ndlela ziqinisekisa ukuba igesi ihlambulukile kwi-cylinder.
4. Sikho kwintsimi yeGesi iminyaka emininzi, amava atyebileyo kwimveliso kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle masiphumelele ukuthembela kwabathengi, bayanelisa ngenkonzo yethu kwaye basinike izimvo ezilungileyo.