Kwinkulungwane yenkulungwane ye-carbon ye-carbon ye-carbon kunye nokungathathi cala kwezopolitiko, amazwe kwihlabathi liphela akhangela ngenkuthalo isizukulwana esilandelayo setekhnoloji yamandla, kwaye luhlazaI-Ammoniaiya kugxila kwingqwalaselo yehlabathi kutsha nje. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-hydrogen, i-ammonia yandisa ukusuka kwelona ntsimi yemveli yezolimo ukuya kwintsimi yamandla ngenxa yezibonelelo zayo ezibonakalayo ekugcinweni nasekuhanjisweni.

I-farlia, ingcali kwiDyunivesithi yaseTynte eNetherlands, yathi ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso ekhabhoni, i-ammonia eluhlaza inokuba yinkosi yexesha elizayo.

Ke, yintoni kanye kanye kanye kanye le Ammonia eluhlaza? Injani imeko yophuhliso? Yintoni imeko yesicelo? Ngaba yimfihlo?

I-Ammonia eluhlaza kunye nenqanaba layo lophuhliso

I-hydrogen yeyona nto iphambili kwiI-Ammoniaimveliso. Ke ngoko, ngokutsho kwekhabhoni eyahlukileyo kwinkqubo ye-hydrogen, i-ammonia inokuhlelwa kula macandelo amane alandelayo ngombala:

NgwevuI-Ammonia: Yenziwe kwi-fossil yemveli (igesi yendalo kunye namalahle).

I-ammonia eblue: i-hydrogen eluhlaza ikhutshiwe kwi-fossil fuels, kodwa i-carbon igcinwe kwaye itekhnoloji yokugcina isetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokucoca.

I-Blue-Green Ammonia: Inkqubo ye-Methane Pyrolysis ihlela i-methane kwi-hydrogen nekhabhoni. I-hydrogen yafunyanwa kwinkqubo isetyenziswa njengezinto ezingafunekiyo ukuba zivelise i-ammonia isebenzisa umbane oluhlaza.

I-Green Ammonia: Umbane oluhlaza oveliswe ngamandla ahlaziyiweyo anjengomoya kunye namandla elanga asetyenziselwa ukufaka amanzi kwi-hydrogen, kwaye ke i-ammonia idityaniswe kwi-nitrogen kunye ne-hydrogen emoyeni.

Ngenxa yokuba i-ammonia eluhlaza ivelisa i-nitrogen kunye namanzi emva kokudibana, kwaye ayivelisi ikharbon diokside, i-ammonia eluhlaza ithathwa njengeyona mithombo yamandla ecocekileyo ecocekileyo kwixesha elizayo.

Luhlaza okomhlabaI-AmmoniaImakethi isesebusaneni. Ukusuka kwimbono yehlabathi, ubungakanani beMakethi ye-Ammonia imalunga ne-US $ 36 yezigidi ngo-2021 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ifumane i-US $ 5.48 bhiliyoni ngonyaka we-74.8%, enokubakho. I-Yundao Capital uqikelela ukuba imveliso yonyaka ye-Ammonia iGreen Ammonia iya kudlula iitoni ezingama-20 ezigidi ngonyaka ezingama-2050, inika ingxelo ngaphezulu kwe-80% yemveliso ye-Ammonia.

Ukusukela ngoSeptemba 2023, ngaphezu kwama-60 eeprojekthi eziluhlaza ze-ammonia ezithunyelwe kwihlabathi liphela, kunye nezixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo zokuvelisa ezingaphezulu kwe-35 yezigidi / ngonyaka. Iiprojekthi ze-Ammonia Green Ammonia ezisasazwa ikakhulu e-Australia, uMzantsi Melika, iYurophu kunye neMbindi Mpuma.

Ukususela ngo-2024, umzi-mveliso wasekhaya wasekhaya wase-Ammonia e-China uphuhlise ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani ezingaphelelanga, ukusukela ngo-2024, ngaphezu kwama-20 iiprojekthi eziluhlaza ze-hydrogen ze-hydrogen. Iqela leTekhnoloji ye-ECING, I-China lamandla eMachie, iQumrhu lamandla eLizwe, iqela lamandla eLizwe, njl njl.

Imeko yesicelo ye-ammonia eluhlaza

Njengamandla acocekileyo, i-ammonia eluhlaza ineemeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo kwixesha elizayo. Ukongeza kusetyenziso lwezolimo kunye nemizi-mveliso, ikwabandakanya ukudibanisa amandla okuvelisa, ukuhambisa ipetroli, ukulungiswa kwekhabhoni, ukugcinwa kwe-hydrogen kunye namanye amasimi.

1. Ishishini lokuhambisa

I-carbon dioxide yokukhuphela i-akhawunti yokuhambisa nge-3% ukuya kwi-4% ye-Carbon Dibox Dission. Ngo-2018, umbutho wamazwe asemgangathweni we-Malimime wamkela isicwangciso sokuqala Ukuncitshiswa kwegesi

Kuyinto eqhelekileyo kwicandelo lokuhambisa eline-ammonia eluhlaza yenye yeeflethi eziphambili zokwenza ishishini kwixesha elizayo.

Irejista ye-Lloyd yokuthumela emva kokuba iqikelele ukuba phakathi kwe-2030 ne-2050, inqaku le-amonia njengoko i-ammonia njengoko i-themonia njengoko i-20%, ithathe indawo yerhasi yendalo kunye nezinye iiflethi ukuba zezona zityhakala zibaluleke kakhulu.

2. Ishishini lokuvelisa amandla

I-AmmoniaUkudibana akuvelisi i-CO2, kwaye i-amomia ixutywe inokusebenzisa indawo ekhoyo yezityalo ekhoyo ngaphandle kokulungiswa okukhulu kwi-boiler umzimba. Ngumgangatho ophumelelayo wokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-carbon diokside kwizityalo zamandla ezihlanjwe ngamalahle.

NgoJulayi 15, iKhomishini yeSizwe yoPhuculo kunye noLawulo lweMimandla yeSizwe ikhuphe "isicwangciso sokuguqulwa kwekharbhon ephantsi (2024-2027)". Ukusetyenziswa kunye nenqanaba lokuphuma kwekhabhoni kuncitshisiwe kakhulu. Ingabonwa ukuba ukuxuba i-ammonia okanye i-ammonia ecocekileyo kwiiyunithi zamandla e-thermal yindlela ebalulekileyo yobugcisa ye-carbon yokuphumelela kwintsimi yokuvelisa amandla.

IJapan ngoyena mntu uphambili ophambili we-Ammonia waqubisana nombane wokuvelisa amandla. IJapan yaqulunqa i- "2021-2050 yaseJapan i-Jamani ipetroli" ngo-2021, kwaye ziya kugqiba umboniso kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwe-20% ye-Ammonia ipetroli kwizityalo zamandla e-themonial nge-2025; Njengoko iteknoloji ehlanganisiweyo evuthiweyo evele, le mlinganiso iya kwanda ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50%; Malunga ne-2040, isityalo esicocekileyo se-ammonia siyakhiwa.

I-3. I-Hydrogen Parriers

I-Ammonia isetyenziswa njengomphathi wokugcina i-hydrogen, kwaye kufuneka aqhubeke kwiinkqubo ze-Amomia Synthesis, uTrafacacadacacancent, ukuThutha, kunye nokukhutshwa ngokutsha kwe-hydrogen yegesi. Inkqubo iyonke ye-Ammonaia-i-hydrogen iyakhula.

Okwangoku, zintandathu iindlela zokugcina i-hydrogen kunye nezothutho: Ukuhanjiswa kwengcinezelo ephezulu, ukugcinwa kwe-hydrogen ye-hydrogen kunye nokuhamba, kunye nezothutho, kunye nezothutho. Phakathi kwawo, ukugcinwa kwe-Ammomia ye-Ammonia kunye nezothutho kukukhupha i-hydrogen ngokusebenzisa i-ammonia synthesis, ngotywala, ukuthutha, kunye nokuredwa. I-Ammonia ifakwe i-lokoloun -33 ° C okanye i-1MPA. Iindleko ze-hydrogenation / ye-Dehydrogeny i-Dehydrogeny ngaphezulu kwe-85%. Ayisikhathalelwanga umgama wokuhamba kwaye ilungele ukugcinwa komgama ophakathi kunye nokuhamba kunye nokuhamba kwe-hydrogen ye-cydrogen, ngakumbi ukuthuthwa kweelwandle. Yenye yeendlela ezithembisayo ze-hydrogen kunye nezothutho kwixesha elizayo.

I-4. Izinto ezingafunekiyo zekhemikhali

Njengesichumisi esine-nitrogen eluhlaza kunye neyona nto iphambili kwi-speciles yeekhemikhali eziluhlaza, luhlazaI-AmmoniaUya kukhuthaza kakhulu ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwe "Green Ammonia + isichumisi esiluhlaza" kunye "ne-Ammonia imikhamithi ye-Ammonia".

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-ammonia ye-ammonia eyenziwe ngamandla, kulindeleke ukuba i-ammonia eluhlaza ayiyi kuba nakho ukukhuphisana njengezinto ezidumileyo zekhemikhali ngaphambi kwe-2035.