Izazinzulu kunye neenjineli zivavanye iprototype yebhaluni yeVenus kwiBlack Rock Desert yaseNevada ngoJulayi 2022. Isithuthi esincitshisiweyo sigqibe ngempumelelo uhambo lokuqala lweenqwelo-moya ezimbini.

Ngenxa yobushushu bayo obutshisayo kunye noxinzelelo olukhulu, umphezulu weVenus unobutshaba kwaye awuxoleli. Enyanisweni, iiprobe ezifike apho ukuza kuthi ga ngoku zihlale iiyure ezimbalwa kuphela. Kodwa kunokubakho enye indlela yokuhlola eli hlabathi liyingozi nelinomdla ngaphaya kwee-orbiters, ezijikeleza ilanga kufutshane nje noMhlaba. Yiyo leyo ibhaluni. I-Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) ye-NASA ePasadena, eCalif., ibike ngo-Okthobha 10, 2022 ukuba ibhaluni yerobhothi yomoya, enye yeengcinga zayo zerobhothi yomoya, iphumelele ukugqiba uhambo oluphindwe kabini lovavanyo phezu kweNevada.

Abaphandi basebenzise umboniso wovavanyo, uhlobo olunciphileyo lwebhaluni enokuthi ngenye imini idlule emafini axineneyo eVenus.

Uvavanyo lwebhaluni yokuqala yeVenus

IVenus Aerorobot ecwangcisiweyo inobubanzi obuziimitha ezili-12 (iimitha ezili-12), malunga ne-2/3 yobukhulu bomzekelo.

Iqela lezazinzulu kunye neenjineli ezivela kwi-JPL kunye ne-Near Space Corporation eTillamook, e-Oregon, lenze uvavanyo lokubhabha. Impumelelo yabo ibonisa ukuba iibhaluni zaseVenus kufuneka zikwazi ukusinda emoyeni oxineneyo weli hlabathi likufutshane. KwiVenus, ibhaluni iya kubhabha kukuphakama kweekhilomitha ezingama-55 ngaphezu komphezulu. Ukuze ilingane nobushushu kunye noxinano lomoya weVenus kuvavanyo, iqela liphakamise ibhaluni yovavanyo laya kukuphakama kwekhilomitha e-1.

Ngandlela zonke, ibhaluni isebenza ngendlela eyayiyilwe ngayo. UJacob Izraelevitz, uMphandi oyiNtloko woVavanyo lweeNqwelomoya zeJPL, iNgcali yeRobotics, uthe: “Siyavuya kakhulu kukusebenza komzekelo. Uqalisile, wabonisa indlela elawulwayo yokuhamba kwindawo ephakamileyo, kwaye sawubuyisela kwimeko entle emva kokubhabha kuzo zombini. Sirekhode idatha ebanzi evela kwezi ndiza kwaye sijonge phambili ekuyisebenziseni ukuphucula iimodeli zethu zokulinganisa ngaphambi kokuba sihlole iplanethi yethu esikunye nayo.

UPaul Byrne weYunivesithi yaseWashington eSt. Louis kunye nengcali kwisayensi yeerobhothi zeenqwelo-moya wongeze wathi: “Impumelelo yezi nqwelo-moya zovavanyo ithetha lukhulu kuthi: Sibonise ngempumelelo ubuchwepheshe obufunekayo ukuphanda ilifu leVenus. Ezi mvavanyo zibeka isiseko sendlela esinokwenza ngayo ukuba kuqhutywe uphando lweerobhothi ixesha elide kumphezulu wesihogo weVenus.

Ukuhamba kwimimoya yaseVenus

Kutheni ke iibhaluni? I-NASA ifuna ukufunda ummandla womoya weVenus ophantsi kakhulu ukuba ujikelezo luhlalutywe. Ngokungafaniyo nee-landers, eziqhuma kwiiyure ezimbalwa, iibhaluni zinokudada emoyeni kangangeeveki okanye iinyanga, zisuka empuma ziye entshona. Ibhaluni inokutshintsha ukuphakama kwayo phakathi kwe-171,000 kunye ne-203,000 feet (iikhilomitha ezingama-52 ukuya kuma-62) ngaphezu komphezulu.

Nangona kunjalo, iirobhothi ezibhabhayo azizodwa ngokupheleleyo. Zisebenza ne-orbiter engaphezulu komoya weVenus. Ukongeza ekwenzeni uvavanyo lwesayensi, ibhaluni ikwasebenza njengonxibelelwano oluhambelana ne-orbiter.

Iibhaluni kwiibhaluni

Lo mzekelo ngokusisiseko "yibhaluni ngaphakathi kwebhaluni," batsho abaphandi.i-heliumizalisa ithangi langaphakathi eliqinileyo. Okwangoku, ibhaluni ye-helium yangaphandle eguquguqukayo inokwanda kwaye inciphe. Iibhaluni nazo zinokunyuka phezulu okanye ziwele phantsi. Ikwenza oku ngoncedoi-heliumii-vents. Ukuba iqela lezithunywa lifuna ukuphakamisa ibhaluni, beliya kukhupha i-helium ukusuka kwidama elingaphakathi liye kwibhaluni engaphandle. Ukubuyisela ibhaluni endaweni yayo,i-heliumivulelwa kwakhona edamini. Oku kubangela ukuba ibhaluni engaphandle inciphe ize ilahlekelwe kukuhamba kwamanzi.

Indalo eyonakalisayo

Kwindawo ephakamileyo ecwangcisiweyo yeekhilomitha ezingama-55 ngaphezu komphezulu weVenus, ubushushu abubi kangako kwaye uxinzelelo lomoya alunamandla kangako. Kodwa le ndawo yomoya weVenus isenamandla kakhulu, kuba amafu azele ngamathontsi e-sulfuric acid. Ukuze bancede bamelane nale meko ingcolisayo, iinjineli zakha ibhaluni ngeengqimba ezininzi zezinto. Le nto inomgqumo omelana ne-asidi, i-metallization yokunciphisa ubushushu belanga, kunye nongqimba lwangaphakathi oluhlala lomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuthwala izixhobo zesayensi. Kwanezitywini azimelani ne-asidi. Uvavanyo lokubhabha lubonise ukuba izinto kunye nokwakhiwa kwebhaluni kufuneka kusebenze kwiVenus. Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukusinda kweVenus kunzima ukuzenza, kwaye ukuqina kokuphatha esikubonisileyo ekuqaliseni nasekubuyiseleni kwethu eNevada kusinika ukuzithemba ekuthembekeni kweebhaluni zethu kwiVenus.

Kangangamashumi eminyaka, ezinye izazinzulu kunye neenjineli ziye zacebisa iibhaluni njengendlela yokuhlola iVenus. Oku kusenokuba yinyani kungekudala. Umfanekiso ngeNASA.

Isayensi kwiVenus' Atmosphere

Izazinzulu zixhobisa iibhaluni zophando olwahlukeneyo lwezenzululwazi. Oku kuquka ukukhangela amaza esandi emoyeni abangelwa ziinyikima zeVenus. Olunye lohlalutyo olunomdla kakhulu luza kuba yindlela umoya ngokwawo obumbeke ngayo.Umoya omdakaInxalenye enkulu yeVenus yimoya, ivuselela impembelelo yobushushu obungalawulekiyo obuye benza iVenus yaba yinto embi kakhulu. Olu hlalutyo lutsha lunokubonelela ngeenkcukacha ezibalulekileyo malunga nokuba oku kwenzeke njani kanye kanye. Enyanisweni, izazinzulu zithi kwiintsuku zokuqala, iVenus yayifana kakhulu noMhlaba. Ngoko ke kwenzeka ntoni?

Kakade ke, ukusukela oko izazinzulu zaxela ngokufunyanwa kwe-phosphine emoyeni weVenus ngo-2020, umbuzo wobomi obunokwenzeka emafini eVenus uvuselele umdla. Imvelaphi ye-phosphine ayiqinisekanga, kwaye ezinye izifundo zisathandabuza ukuba ikhona. Kodwa imisebenzi yeebhaluni efana nale iya kuba yeyona ifanelekileyo kuhlalutyo olunzulu lwamafu kwaye mhlawumbi nokuchonga naziphi na iintsholongwane ngokuthe ngqo. Imisebenzi yeebhaluni efana nale inokunceda ekutyhileni ezinye zezona mfihlo zididayo nezinzima kakhulu.