Ngowama-2018, imakethi yegesi ye-elektroniki yehlabathi kwiisekethe ezidibeneyo ifikelele kwi-US$4.512 yeebhiliyoni, ukunyuka konyaka nonyaka kwe-16%. Izinga lokukhula okuphezulu kweshishini legesi ekhethekileyo ye-elektroniki kwii-semiconductors kunye nobukhulu bemarike obukhulu kuye kwakhawulezisa isicwangciso sokutshintshwa kwegesi ekhethekileyo ye-elektroniki ngaphakathi!
Yintoni igesi ye-electron?
Igesi ye-elektroniki ibhekisa kwimithombo esisiseko esetyenziswa kwimveliso yee-semiconductors, ii-flat panel displays, ii-light-emitting diodes, ii-solar cells kunye nezinye iimveliso ze-elektroniki, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu ekucoceni, ekukroleni, ekwenziweni kwefilimu, ekwenzeni i-doping kunye nezinye iinkqubo. Iindawo eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwegesi ye-elektroniki ziquka ishishini le-elektroniki, ii-solar cells, unxibelelwano oluphathwayo, ukuhamba ngemoto kunye neenkqubo zeaudio kunye nevidiyo zemoto, i-aerospace, ishishini lomkhosi kunye nezinye iinkalo ezininzi.
Igesi ekhethekileyo ye-elektroniki inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezisixhenxe ngokwendlela eyakhiwe ngayo iikhemikhali: i-silicon, i-arsenic, i-phosphorus, i-boron, i-metal hydride, i-halide kunye ne-metal alkoxide. Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwiisekethe ezidibeneyo, inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe yigesi yokufunxa, igesi ye-epitaxy, igesi yokufakelwa kwe-ion, igesi ye-light-emitting diode, igesi yokutshiza, igesi yokufunxa umphunga wekhemikhali kunye negesi yokulinganisela. Kukho iigesi ezikhethekileyo ezingaphezu kwe-110 ezisetyenziswa kushishino lwe-semiconductor, apho ezingaphezulu kwe-30 zisetyenziswa rhoqo.
Ngokubanzi, ishishini lemveliso ye-semiconductor lahlula iigesi zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: iigesi eziqhelekileyo kunye neegesi ezikhethekileyo. Phakathi kwazo, igesi esetyenziswa rhoqo ibhekisa kumthombo ophakathi kwaye isebenzisa igesi eninzi, efana ne-N2, H2, O2, Ar, He, njl. Igesi ekhethekileyo ibhekisa kwiigesi ezithile zeekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-semiconductor, ezifana nokwandisa, ukufaka i-ion, ukuxuba, ukuhlamba, kunye nokwakheka kwemaski, nto leyo ngoku esiyibiza ngokuba yigesi ekhethekileyo ye-elektroniki, efana ne-high-purity SiH4, PH3, AsH3, B2H6, N2O, NH3, SF6, NF3, CF4, BCl3, BF3, HCl, Cl2, njl.
Kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa imboni ye-semiconductor, ukusuka ekukhuleni kweetshiphusi ukuya ekupakishweni kwesixhobo sokugqibela, phantse yonke ikhonkco ayinakwahlulwa kwigesi ekhethekileyo ye-elektroniki, kunye nohlobo lwegesi esetyenzisiweyo kunye neemfuno zomgangatho ophezulu, ngoko ke igesi ye-elektroniki inezixhobo ze-semiconductor. "Ukutya".
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izinto eziphambili ze-elektroniki zaseTshayina ezifana nee-semiconductors kunye neepaneli zokubonisa ziye zanda ngamandla amatsha emveliso, kwaye kukho imfuno enamandla yokutshintshwa kwezinto ze-elektroniki zeekhemikhali ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Indawo yeegesi ze-elektroniki kwishishini le-semiconductor iye yabonakala ngakumbi. Ishishini legesi ye-elektroniki lasekhaya liza kuzisa ukukhula okukhawulezileyo.
Igesi ekhethekileyo ye-elektroniki ineemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zokucoceka, kuba ukuba ukucoceka akufikelelanga kwiimfuno, amaqela okungcolisa afana nomphunga wamanzi kunye ne-oksijini kwigesi ekhethekileyo ye-elektroniki aya kwenza ifilimu ye-oxide ngokulula kumphezulu we-semiconductor, nto leyo echaphazela ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo ze-elektroniki, kwaye igesi ekhethekileyo ye-elektroniki iqulethe. Amasuntswana okungcolisa anokubangela iisekethe ezimfutshane ze-semiconductor kunye nomonakalo wesekethe. Kunokuthiwa ukuphuculwa kokucoceka kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso yezixhobo ze-elektroniki.
Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lweshishini le-semiconductor, inkqubo yokwenziwa kweetships iyaqhubeka nokuphucuka, kwaye ngoku ifikelele kwi-5nm, esondela kumda weMoore's Law, olingana ne-120th yobubanzi beenwele zomntu (malunga ne-0.1 mm). Ke ngoko, oku kukwabeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu kubunyulu begesi ekhethekileyo ye-elektroniki eveliswa zii-semiconductors.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-15-2021
