I-nitrous oxide, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-laughing gas okanye i-nitrous, yikhemikhali edityanisiweyo, yi-oxide ye-nitrogen enefomyula i-N2O.

Intshayelelo yeMveliso

I-nitrous oxide, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-laughing gas okanye i-nitrous, yikhemikhali edityaniswe ne-nitrogen enefomyula i-N2O. Kubushushu begumbi, yigesi engenambala engatshiyo, enevumba elincinci lesinyithi kunye nencasa. Kubushushu obuphezulu, i-nitrous oxide yi-oxidizer enamandla efana ne-oxygen yemolekyuli.

I-nitrous oxide isetyenziswa kakhulu kwezonyango, ingakumbi kutyando nakumazinyo, ngenxa yemiphumo yayo yokunciphisa iintlungu kunye nokunciphisa iintlungu. Igama layo elithi "laughing gas", eliqanjwe nguHumphry Davy, libangelwa yimiphumo yovuyo xa uyiphefumla, uphawu oluye lwakhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwayo njengonyango lokunciphisa iintlungu. Ikuluhlu lwamayeza abalulekileyo e-World Health Organisation, awona mayeza asebenzayo nakhuselekileyo afunekayo kwinkqubo yezempilo.[2] Ikwasetyenziswa njenge-oxidizer kwi-rocket propellants, nakwi-motor racing ukwandisa amandla eenjini.

Inkcazo

Isicelo

Ezonyango
I-nitrous oxide isetyenzisiwe kunyango lwamazinyo nakwezonyango, njenge-anesthetic kunye ne-analgesic, ukususela ngo-1844.

I-elektroniki
Isetyenziswa kunye ne-silane ekufakweni komphunga weekhemikhali kwiileya ze-silicon nitride; ikwasetyenziswa ekucutshungulweni okukhawulezayo kobushushu ukukhulisa ii-gate oxides ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Ukupakisha kunye nokuthumela

Amanyathelo oncedo lokuqala

UKUPHEFUMLA: Ukuba kuvela iziphumo ezibi, yisuse kwindawo engangcoliswanga. Yiphefumle ngokwenziwa ukuba akunjalo.

Ukuphefumla. Ukuba ukuphefumla kunzima, kufuneka unike ioksijini ngabasebenzi abafanelekileyo. Fumana ioksijini ngoko nangoko.

ingqwalasela yezonyango.

UKUDIBANA NESIKHUMBA: Ukuba kukho iqabaka okanye ukubanda, hlambulula ngoko nangoko ngamanzi amaninzi afudumeleyo (105-115 F; 41-46 C). SUKUSEBENZISA AMANZI ASHUSHU. Ukuba amanzi afudumeleyo akafumaneki, zisongele ngobunono iindawo ezichaphazelekileyo

Fumana uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.

UKUQHAGAMSHELANA NAMEHLO: Hlamba amehlo ngamanzi amaninzi.

UKUTYIWA: Ukuba uginye kakhulu, fumana uncedo lwezonyango.

INGQAPHELO KUGQIRHA: Xa uphefumla, cinga ngeoksijini.

Ukusetyenziswa

1. Iimoto zerokethi

I-nitrous oxide ingasetyenziswa njenge-oxidizer kwi-rocket motor. Oku kuluncedo ngaphezu kwezinye ii-oxidiser kuba ayisiyongozi nje kuphela, kodwa ngenxa yokuba izinzile kubushushu begumbi kulula ukuyigcina kwaye ikhuselekile ukuyithwala xa ibhabha. Njengenzuzo yesibini, inokubola ngokulula ukuze yenze umoya ophefumlayo. Uxinano lwayo oluphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi lokugcina (xa igcinwe kubushushu obuphantsi) kwenza ukuba ikwazi ukukhuphisana kakhulu neenkqubo zegesi ezigcinwe zinoxinzelelo oluphezulu.

2. Injini yokutsha yangaphakathi —(Injini ye-nitrous oxide)

Kwimidyarho yeemoto, i-nitrous oxide (edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-"nitrous") ivumela injini ukuba itshise amafutha amaninzi ngokubonelela ngeoksijini engaphezulu kunomoya wodwa, nto leyo ebangela ukutsha okunamandla ngakumbi.

I-nitrous oxide engamanzi ekumgangatho weemoto yahlukile kancinci kwi-nitrous oxide engamanzi ekumgangatho wezonyango. Inani elincinci le-sulfur dioxide (SO2) longezwa ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi. Ukuhlamba okuphindaphindiweyo ngesiseko (njenge-sodium hydroxide) kunokususa oku, kunciphisa iipropati zokubola ezibonwayo xa i-SO2 inyibilikiswa ngakumbi ngexesha lokutsha ibe yi-sulfuric acid, nto leyo eyenza ukukhutshwa komoya kucoceke.

3. I-Aerosol propellant

Le gesi ivunyiwe ukuba isetyenziswe njengesongezelelo sokutya (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-E942), ngokukodwa njenge-aerosol spray propellant. Eyona ndlela isetyenziswa ngayo kakhulu kule meko kukwii-aerosol whipped cream canisters, ii-cooking sprays, kunye negesi engasebenziyo esetyenziselwa ukususa ioksijini ukuze kuthintelwe ukukhula kweebhaktheriya xa kuzaliswa iipakethe zee-potato chips kunye nezinye izidlo zokutya ezifanayo.

Ngokufanayo, i-cooking spray, eyenziwe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeoyile ezidityaniswe ne-lecithin (i-emulsifier), ingasebenzisa i-nitrous oxide njenge-propellant. Ezinye ii-propellant ezisetyenziswa kwi-cooking spray ziquka i-food-grade alcohol kunye ne-propane.

4. Amayeza——–I-Nitrous oxide (amayeza)

I-nitrous oxide ibisetyenziswa kunyango lwamazinyo nakwezonyango, njengeyeza lokubulala iintlungu kunye nelokuthomalalisa iintlungu, ukususela ngo-1844.

I-nitrous oxide yi-anesthesia ebuthathaka, ngoko ke ayisetyenziswa yodwa kwi-anesthesia eqhelekileyo, kodwa isetyenziswa njengegesi yokuthwala (exutywe neoksijini) kwiziyobisi ezinamandla ze-anesthesia ezifana ne-sevoflurane okanye i-desflurane. Inomlinganiselo omncinci we-alveolar we-105% kunye ne-coefficient yegazi/igesi yokwahlulahlula eyi-0.46. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-nitrous oxide kwi-anesthesia kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nesicaphucaphu kunye nokuhlanza emva kotyando.

EBritani naseKhanada, i-Entonox kunye ne-Nitronox zisetyenziswa rhoqo ngabasebenzi bee-ambulensi (kuquka noogqirha abangabhaliswanga) njengegesi yokuthomalalisa iintlungu ekhawulezayo nesebenza kakuhle.

I-50% nitrous oxide ingaqwalaselwa ukuba isetyenziswe ngabaphenduli boncedo lokuqala abangoochwephesha kwiindawo zangaphambi kwesibhedlele, ngenxa yobulula kunye nokhuseleko lokusebenzisa i-50% nitrous oxide njengeyeza lokuthomalalisa iintlungu. Ukuguqulwa ngokukhawuleza kwesiphumo sayo kuya kuyithintela ekuthinteleni ukuxilongwa.

5. Ukusetyenziswa kokuzonwabisa

Ukuphefumla i-nitrous oxide ngokuzonwabisa, ngenjongo yokubangela uvuyo kunye/okanye ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, kwaqala njengesiganeko kubantu abakumgangatho ophezulu baseBritane ngo-1799, esaziwa ngokuba “ziipati zegesi ezihlekayo”.

E-United Kingdom, ukusukela ngo-2014, i-nitrous oxide yayiqikelelwa ukuba isetyenziswa ngabantu abaselula abamalunga nesiqingatha sesigidi kwiindawo zokuzonwabisa ebusuku, kwiminyhadala, nakwiipati. Ukusemthethweni kokusetyenziswa kwaloo nto kwahluka kakhulu kwilizwe ngalinye, kwanakwisixeko nesixeko kwamanye amazwe.