Gcwalisa le fomu ingezantsi kwaye siza kukuthumelela i-imeyile inguqulelo yePDF ethi “Uphuculo lwetekhnoloji entsha yokuguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe yipetroli engamanzi”
I-carbon dioxide (CO2) yimveliso yokutsha kwamafutha efosili kunye negesi eqhelekileyo yegreenhouse, enokuguqulwa ibe ngamafutha aluncedo ngendlela ezinzileyo. Enye indlela ethembisayo yokuguqula ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 ibe yi-fuel feedstock yinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-electrochemical reduction. Kodwa ukuze isebenze kakuhle kwezorhwebo, le nkqubo kufuneka iphuculwe ukuze kukhethwe okanye kuveliswe iimveliso ezinqwenelekayo zekhabhoni. Ngoku, njengoko kubikwe kwijenali i-Nature Energy, i-Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (i-Berkeley Lab) iphuhlise indlela entsha yokuphucula umphezulu we-copper catalyst esetyenziselwa i-assistant reaction, ngaloo ndlela yonyusa ukukhetha kwenkqubo.
“Nangona sisazi ukuba i-copper yeyona nto iphambili kule mpendulo, ayiboneleli ngokukhetha okuphezulu kwimveliso oyifunayo,” utshilo u-Alexis, isazinzulu esiphezulu kwiSebe leSayensi yeeKhemikhali eBerkeley Lab kunye noprofesa wobunjineli beekhemikhali kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley. USpell uthe. “Iqela lethu lifumanise ukuba ungasebenzisa imeko-bume yendawo ye-catalyst ukwenza amaqhinga ahlukeneyo okubonelela ngolu hlobo lokukhetha.”
Kwizifundo zangaphambili, abaphandi bamisele iimeko ezichanekileyo zokubonelela ngendawo efanelekileyo yombane neyekhemikhali yokudala iimveliso ezityebileyo kwikhabhoni ezinexabiso lorhwebo. Kodwa ezi meko zichasene neemeko ezenzeka ngokwendalo kwiiseli zamafutha eziqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa izinto ezisebenzisa amanzi.
Ukuze kuchongwe uyilo olunokusetyenziswa kwindawo yamanzi eeseli zamafutha, njengenxalenye yeprojekthi ye-Energy Innovation Center ye-Ministry of Energy's Liquid Sunshine Alliance, uBell kunye neqela lakhe basebenzise umaleko omncinci we-ionomer, ovumela iimolekyuli ezithile ezitshajiweyo (ii-ion) ukuba zidlule. Zingabandakanyi ezinye ii-ion. Ngenxa yeempawu zazo zeekhemikhali ezikhethiweyo kakhulu, zifanelekile ngokukodwa ukuba zibe nempembelelo enamandla kwindawo encinci.
UChanyeon Kim, umphandi we-postdoctoral kwiqela leBell kunye nombhali wokuqala wephepha, ucebise ukugquma umphezulu wee-catalysts zobhedu ngee-ionomers ezimbini eziqhelekileyo, iNafion kunye neSustaination. Iqela licinge ukuba ukwenza njalo kufanele kutshintshe imeko-bume ekufutshane ne-catalyst—kuquka i-pH kunye nobungakanani bamanzi kunye ne-carbon dioxide—ngendlela ethile ukuze kuqondiswe impendulo ekuveliseni iimveliso ezityebileyo nge-carbon ezinokuguqulwa ngokulula zibe ziikhemikhali eziluncedo. Iimveliso kunye namafutha olwelo.
Abaphandi basebenzise umaleko omncinci we-ionomer nganye kunye nomaleko ophindwe kabini we-ionomer ezimbini kwifilimu yobhedu exhaswa yi-polymer material ukwenza ifilimu, abanokuyifaka kufutshane nesiphelo esinye seseli ye-electrochemical eyenziwe ngesandla. Xa befaka i-carbon dioxide kwibhetri kwaye besebenzisa i-voltage, balinganisa umbane opheleleyo ohamba ngebhetri. Emva koko balinganisa igesi kunye nolwelo oluqokelelwe kwindawo yokugcina amanzi ekufutshane ngexesha lokusabela. Kwityala elinee-layers ezimbini, bafumanise ukuba iimveliso ezityebileyo nge-carbon zibiza i-80% yamandla asetyenziswa yi-reaction—ngaphezulu kwe-60% kwimeko engagqunywanga.
“Le sandwich coating inika ezona zinto zibalaseleyo kuzo zombini ezi hlabathi: ukukhetha okuphezulu kwemveliso kunye nomsebenzi ophezulu,” utshilo uBell. Umphezulu onomgangatho ophindwe kabini awulungelanga nje kuphela iimveliso ezityebileyo kwikhabhoni, kodwa ukwavelisa nomsinga onamandla ngaxeshanye, nto leyo ebonisa ukwanda komsebenzi.
Abaphandi bagqibe kwelokuba impendulo ephuculweyo ibe ngumphumo woxinzelelo lwe-CO2 oluphezulu oluqokelelene ngqo kwingubo yobhedu. Ukongeza, iimolekyuli ezine-negative charge eziqokelelana kummandla ophakathi kwee-ionomer ezimbini ziya kuvelisa i-asidi ephantsi yendawo. Olu dibaniso luphelisa ukurhwebelana koxinzelelo okuhlala kwenzeka xa kungekho iifilimu ze-ionomer.
Ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kwempendulo, abaphandi basebenzise ubuchwepheshe obuqinisekisiweyo ngaphambili obungadingi ifilimu ye-ionomer njengenye indlela yokunyusa i-CO2 kunye ne-pH: i-pulsed voltage. Ngokusebenzisa i-pulsed voltage kwi-double-layer ionomer coating, abaphandi bafumene ukwanda kwe-250% kwiimveliso ezityebileyo kwi-carbon xa kuthelekiswa ne-copper engagqunywanga kunye ne-static voltage.
Nangona abanye abaphandi begxila kumsebenzi wabo ekuphuhlisweni kwee-catalysts ezintsha, ukufunyanwa kwe-catalyst akuthatheli ngqalelo iimeko zokusebenza. Ukulawula okusingqongileyo kumphezulu we-catalyst yindlela entsha neyahlukileyo.
“Asizange size ne-catalyst entsha ngokupheleleyo, kodwa sisebenzise ukuqonda kwethu i-reaction kinetics kwaye sisebenzise olu lwazi ukusikhokela ekucingeni ngendlela yokutshintsha imeko-bume yendawo ye-catalyst,” utshilo uAdam Weber, injineli ephezulu. Izazinzulu kwicandelo letekhnoloji yamandla kwiBerkeley Laboratories kunye nombhali-mbhali wamaphepha.
Inyathelo elilandelayo kukwandisa imveliso yee-catalysts ezigqunyiweyo. Uvavanyo lokuqala lweqela leBerkeley Lab lubandakanya iinkqubo ezincinci zemodeli ezithe tyaba, ezazilula kakhulu kunezakhiwo ezinkulu ezinemingxuma ezifunekayo kwizicelo zorhwebo. “Akunzima ukufaka i-coating kumphezulu othe tyaba. Kodwa iindlela zorhwebo zinokubandakanya ukugquma iibhola ezincinci zobhedu,” utshilo uBell. Ukongeza umaleko wesibini we-coating kuba nzima. Enye into enokwenzeka kukuxuba nokufaka ii-coating ezimbini kunye kwi-solvent, kwaye unethemba lokuba ziyahlukana xa i-solvent iphela. Kuthekani ukuba azipheli? UBell ugqibezele ngelithi: “Sifuna nje ukuba nobuchule.” Jonga uKim C, uBui JC, uLuo X nabanye. I-catalyst microenvironment eyenzelwe wena yokunciphisa i-CO2 kwiimveliso ze-multi-carbon usebenzisa i-double-layer ionomer coating kwi-copper. Nat Energy. 2021;6(11):1026-1034. doi:10.1038/s41560-021-00920-8
Eli nqaku likhutshwe kwakhona kwizinto ezilandelayo. Qaphela: Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zisenokuba zihlelwe ngokwexesha kunye nomxholo. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya, nceda unxibelelane nomthombo ocatshulweyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-22-2021
