IiChipmakers zijongene neseti entsha yemingeni. Umzi-mveliso uphantsi kwesongelo kwimingcipheko emitsha emva kokuba iCovid-19 i-Pandemic yenze iingxaki zokubonelela. I-Russia, omnye wabathengisi abakhulu behlabathi abasetyenziswa kwimveliso ye-semicondcuctor, sele eqalile ukuthintela impahla kuthunyelo kumazwe athatyathwa ngamazwe athathwayo. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba "zii-geses" ezingenamntu njengeneon, Argon kunyehelium.
Esi sesinye isixhobo sempembelelo yezoqoqosho ye-spin kumazwe anemohlwayo kwi-moscow yokuhlasela iUkraine. Phambi kwemfazwe, iRussia kunye neUkraine kunye zimalunga neepesenti ezingama-30 zokunikezelwa kweneonIrhasi ye-semicondors kunye nezinto ze-elektroniki, ngokwenkampani kunye nenkampani. Izithintelo zokuthumela ngaphandle zeza ngexesha apho ishishini kunye nabathengi bayo baqala ukuphuma kwezona zintle kakhulu zoncedo. Kunyaka ophelileyo, abadlali be-automaki basika imveliso yemoto kabukhali ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-chip, ngokwe-LMC ngemoto. Ukuhanjiswa kulindeleke ukuba kuphuculwe kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka.
NeonIdlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso ye-semicondcuctor njengoko ibandakanya inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yiLithography. Irhasi ilawula i-wavelength yokukhanya eveliswa yiLaser, ethi ithi: Phambi kwemfazwe, iRussia iqokelele i-RawneonNjengemveliso yemveliso kwizityalo zentsimbi kwaye bayithumela eUkraine ukuze kucoceke. Omabini la mazwe yayingabavelisi abaphambili beegesi zeSoviet-Ixesha, esetyenziselwa iSoviet Union ukwakha itekhnoloji yomkhosi neSoviet, kodwa imfazwe e-Ukraine yabangela ukonakala okungapheliyo kwizakhono ezihlala zihleli kwizakhono zokuhlala zihleli kwizakhono ezihlala zihleli kwizakhono ezihlala zihleli kwizakhono ezikhoyo kwishishini. Ukulwa nzima kwezinye izixeko zaseUkraine, kubandakanya iMariupol naseOdessa, itshabalalisile umhlaba wemveliso, esenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthumela iimpahla ezivela kulo mmandla.
Kwelinye icala, okoko umntu ohlaselayo waseRussia weCrimea ngo-2014, abavelisi behlabathi jiconductors bathe ngokuthe ngcembe bathembele kwingingqi. Isabelo seneonIgesi e-Ukraine naseRussia ifumene ngaphambili phakathi kwe-80% ne-90%, kodwa inqabile ukusukela ngonyaka ka-2014. Ngaphantsi kwesithathu. Kusekuqaleni kakhulu ukuba uthini izithintelo zeRussia zokuthumela ngaphandle ziya kuchaphazela njani iindlela ze-semiconductors. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imfazwe e-Ukraine ayiphazamisi i-chips eqinisiweyo.
Kodwa nokuba abavelisi bayakwazi ukwenza ukubonelela ngokulahlekileyo kulo mmandla, banokuhlawula ngaphezulu kwirhasi ebalulekileyo. Amaxabiso abo kusoloko kunzima ukulandelela kuba uninzi lwabonwanga ngeekhontrakthi zexesha lexesha elide, kodwa ngokwe-CNN, i-Chictor, ixabiso lekhontrakthi livele kwi-iUkraine kwaye liza kuzisa kweli nqanaba ixesha elide.
I-South Korea, ikhaya ukuya kwiTekinoloji enkulu yase-Samsung, iya kuba yeyokuqala ukuziva "iintlungu" kuba zixhomekeke e-US, i-US, Japan naseYurophu, ayinazo iinkampani ezinkulu zegesi ezinokonyusa imveliso. Kunyaka ophelileyo, uSamsung yagqitha kwi-Intel eUnited States ukuba i-semiconductor enkulu yehlabathi. Amazwe ngoku ayabaleka ukukhulisa isikhundla sabo sokuvelisa i-Chip emva kweminyaka emibini yobhubhane, sibashiya bevelelwe ngokungazinziyo ekungazinzini kwimixokelelwane yehlabathi.
I-Intel inikezelwe ukunceda urhulumente wase-US kwaye ngaphambili kulo nyaka ubhengeze ukuba ungazitya imali eyi-20 yeebhiliyoni kwiifektri ezimbini ezintsha. Kunyaka ophelileyo, uSamsung naye wafakwa kwi-Fibrion ye-17 yeebhiliyoni kwi-Texas. Ukunyusa i-chip ye-chip kunokukhokelela kwimfuno ephezulu yeegesi. Njengoko iRussia isongela ukunciphisa umda ngaphandle, i-China inokuba ngomnye wabaphumeleleyo, njengoko inamandla amakhulu kwaye intsha. Ukusukela ngo-2015, i-China ityale imali kwishishini layo lemiconducto, kubandakanya izixhobo eziyimfuneko ukuze zihlule iigesi ezivela kwezinye iimveliso zemveliso.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: Jun-23 ukuya kwi-2022
