Abenzi beetship bajongene nemingeni emitsha. Eli shishini lisengozini ngenxa yemingcipheko emitsha emva kokuba ubhubhane we-COVID-19 udale iingxaki zekhonkco lokubonelela. IRashiya, enye yezona nkampani zinkulu kwihlabathi ezithengisa iigesi ezintle ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso ye-semiconductor, iqalile ukukhawulela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kumazwe ewabona enobutshaba. Ezi ziigesi ezibizwa ngokuba “ziigesi ezintle” ezifanai-neon, i-argon kunyei-helium.
Esi sesinye isixhobo sempembelelo kaPutin kwezoqoqosho kumazwe abeke isohlwayo kwiMoscow ngokuhlasela iUkraine. Ngaphambi kwemfazwe, iRashiya neUkraine zidibene zazimalunga nama-30 ekhulwini lokunikezelwa kwezixhobo.i-neonigesi yee-semiconductors kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki, ngokutsho kweBain & Company. Imiqathango yokuthumela ngaphandle ifika ngexesha apho ishishini kunye nabathengi balo beqala ukuphuma kwingxaki enkulu yokubonelela. Kunyaka ophelileyo, abenzi beemoto banciphise kakhulu imveliso yezithuthi ngenxa yokunqongophala kweetships, ngokutsho kweLMC Automotive. Ukuhanjiswa kulindeleke ukuba kuphucuke kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka.
I-NeonIdlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso ye-semiconductor njengoko ibandakanya inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-lithography. Igesi ilawula ubude bokukhanya obuveliswa yi-laser, ebhala "imikhondo" kwi-silicon wafer. Ngaphambi kwemfazwe, iRashiya yayiqokelela eluhlazai-neonnjengemveliso ephumayo kwimizi-mveliso yayo yentsimbi yaza yayithumela eUkraine ukuze icocwe. Omabini la mazwe ayengabavelisi abakhulu beegesi ezintle zexesha leSoviet, ezazisetyenziswa yiSoviet Union ukwakha iteknoloji yezomkhosi neyendawo, kodwa imfazwe eUkraine yabangela umonakalo ohlala ixesha elide kumandla oshishino. Imfazwe enzima kwezinye izixeko zaseUkraine, kuquka iMariupol neOdessa, itshabalalise umhlaba wemizi-mveliso, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe kuloo mmandla.
Kwelinye icala, ukusukela oko iRashiya yahlasela iCrimea ngo-2014, abavelisi be-semiconductor behlabathi baye bancipha kancinci kancinci kulo mmandla.i-neonIgesi eUkraine naseRashiya ibisoloko iphakathi kwama-80% nama-90%, kodwa iye yehla ukusukela ngo-2014. Ingaphantsi kwesithathu. Kusekutsha kakhulu ukutsho ukuba imiqathango yokuthumela ngaphandle kweRashiya iya kubachaphazela njani abenzi bee-semiconductor. Okwangoku, imfazwe eUkraine ayiphazamisanga ukunikezelwa rhoqo kweetships.
Kodwa nokuba abavelisi bayakwazi ukubuyisa umbane olahlekileyo kulo mmandla, basenokuhlawula ngaphezulu ngegesi ebalulekileyo ebalulekileyo. Amaxabiso abo adla ngokuba nzima ukuwalandela kuba uninzi lwawo luthengiswa ngeekhontrakthi zabucala zexesha elide, kodwa ngokutsho kwe-CNN, ikhankanya iingcali, ixabiso lekhontrakthi yegesi ye-neon linyuke kahlanu ukusukela oko kwahlasela i-Ukraine kwaye liya kuhlala likwinqanaba elinjalo ixesha elide.
ISouth Korea, ikhaya lenkampani enkulu yezobuchwepheshe iSamsung, iza kuba yeyokuqala ukuva “iintlungu” kuba ixhomekeke phantse ngokupheleleyo kwiimveliso zegesi ezilungileyo kwaye, ngokungafaniyo ne-US, iJapan neYurophu, ayinazo iinkampani ezinkulu zegesi ezinokunyusa imveliso. Kunyaka ophelileyo, iSamsung yadlula i-Intel eMelika yaba ngumvelisi omkhulu we-semiconductor kwihlabathi. Amazwe ngoku abaleka ukukhulisa amandla awo okuvelisa iitshiphusi emva kweminyaka emibini yobhubhane, nto leyo ewashiya esengozini enkulu yokungazinzi kwiindlela zokubonelela ngegesi kwihlabathi liphela.
I-Intel ithembise ukunceda urhulumente wase-US kwaye ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka ibhengeze ukuba iza kutyala imali eyi-20 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwiifektri ezimbini ezintsha. Kunyaka ophelileyo, iSamsung ikwathembise ukwakha ifektri eyi-17 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi eTexas. Ukwanda kwemveliso yeetships kunokukhokelela kwimfuno ephezulu yeegesi ezintle. Njengoko iRashiya isoyikisa ukuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe, iTshayina inokuba yenye yezona ziphumeleleyo, njengoko inomthamo omkhulu nomtsha wemveliso. Ukususela ngo-2015, iTshayina ibityala imali kwishishini layo le-semiconductor, kuquka nezixhobo ezifunekayo ukwahlula iigesi ezintle kwezinye iimveliso zoshishino.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-23-2022
