Ii-chipmakers zijongene nemingeni emitsha. Ishishini liphantsi kwesoyikiso somngcipheko omtsha emva kokuba ubhubhani we-COVID-19 udale iingxaki zokubonelela. IRashiya, enye yezona ndawo zibonelela ngegesi esemgangathweni ehlabathini lonke esetyenziswa kwimveliso ye-semiconductor, sele iqalisile ukuthintela ukuthunyelwa kwegesi kumazwe ecinga ukuba anobutshaba. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba ziigesi "ezihloniphekileyo" ezifananeon, argon kunyei-helium.
Esi sesinye isixhobo sempembelelo yezoqoqosho kaPutin kumazwe abeke izohlwayo eMoscow ngokuhlasela iUkraine. Ngaphambi kwemfazwe, iRashiya ne-Ukraine zihlangene malunga nama-30 ekhulwini lonikezelo lweneonigesi yeesemiconductors kunye namacandelo e-elektroniki, ngokutsho kweBain & Company. Izithintelo zokuthumela ngaphandle ziza ngexesha apho ishishini kunye nabathengi balo beqala ukuvela kweyona ngxaki imbi yokubonelela. Kunyaka ophelileyo, abenzi beemoto banciphise imveliso yemoto ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-chip, ngokutsho kwe-LMC Automotive. Ukuhanjiswa kulindeleke ukuba kuphuculwe kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka.
Neonidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso ye-semiconductor njengoko ibandakanya inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-lithography. Irhasi ilawula ubude bokukhanya obuveliswa yilaser, ebhala “umkhondo” kwi-silicon wafer. Ngaphambi kwemfazwe, iRashiya yaqokelela eluhlazaneonnjengemveliso kwizityalo zayo zentsimbi kwaye wayithumela eUkraine ukuhlanjululwa. Omabini la mazwe ayengabavelisi abakhulu beegesi zexesha leSoviet, ezasetyenziswa yiSoviet Union ukwakha ubugcisa bezomkhosi nobusemajukujukwini, ukanti imfazwe yaseUkraine yabangela umonakalo ongapheliyo kumandla oshishino. Umlo onzima kwezinye izixeko zase-Ukraine, eziquka iMariupol ne-Odessa, utshabalalise umhlaba wemizi-mveliso, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthumela iimpahla ezivela kulo mmandla.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukususela ekuhlaselweni kweRashiya eCrimea ngo-2014, abavelisi be-semiconductor behlabathi baye ngokuthe ngcembe baye bathembela kancinci kulo mmandla. Isabelo sonikezelo lweneonigesi e-Ukraine kunye neRashiya ngokwembali yajikeleza phakathi kwe-80% kunye ne-90%, kodwa iyancipha ukususela ngo-2014. ngaphantsi kwesithathu. Kuselithuba ukutsho ukuba izithintelo zokuthumela ngaphandle zaseRussia ziya kubachaphazela njani abenzi be-semiconductor. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imfazwe yaseUkraine ayizange iphazamise unikezelo oluzinzileyo lweechips.
Kodwa nokuba abavelisi bayakwazi ukubuyisela unikezelo olulahlekileyo kummandla, banokuhlawula ngakumbi irhasi ebalulekileyo ebalulekileyo. Amaxabiso abo ahlala enzima ukulandelela kuba uninzi luthengiswa ngeekontraka zabucala zexesha elide, kodwa ngokutsho kweCNN, icaphula iingcali, ixabiso lesivumelwano segesi ye-neon linyuke ngokuphindwe kahlanu ukususela ekuhlaselweni kwe-Ukraine kwaye liya kuzisa ukuhlala kweli nqanaba ngokwentelekiso. ixesha elide.
I-South Korea, ikhaya le-tech giant i-Samsung, iya kuba ngowokuqala ukuva "intlungu" kuba ixhomekeke phantse ngokupheleleyo ekuthengisweni kwegesi ehloniphekileyo kwaye, ngokungafaniyo ne-US, iJapan kunye neYurophu, ayinayo iinkampani ezinkulu zegesi ezinokunyusa imveliso. Kunyaka ophelileyo, i-Samsung Igqithise i-Intel e-United States ukuba ibe ngumvelisi omkhulu we-semiconductor wehlabathi. Amazwe ngoku abaleka ukukhulisa amandla awo okuvelisa i-chip emva kweminyaka emibini yobhubhane, ebashiya bevezwa ngokungazinzi kumakhonkco obonelelo lwehlabathi.
I-Intel ibonelele ukunceda urhulumente wase-US kwaye ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka ibhengeze ukuba iza kutyala imali ezibhiliyoni ezingama-20 zeedola kwiifektri ezimbini ezintsha. Kunyaka ophelileyo, i-Samsung nayo yathembisa ukwakha umzi-mveliso we-17 yeebhiliyoni zeedola eTexas. Ukonyuka kwemveliso yeetshiphu kunokukhokelela kwimfuno ephezulu yeegesi ezintle. Njengoko iRussia isoyikisa ukunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kwayo kumazwe angaphandle, i-China inokuba ngomnye wabaphumeleleyo abakhulu, njengoko inamandla amakhulu kunye nemveliso entsha. Ukusukela ngo-2015, i-China ibityala imali kwishishini layo le-semiconductor, kubandakanya nezixhobo ezifunekayo ukwahlula iigesi ezintle kwezinye iimveliso zamashishini.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-23-2022
