Imethane yikhemikhali enefomula yekhemikhali CH4 (iathomu enye yekhabhoni kunye neeathom ezine zehydrogen).

Intshayelelo yeMveliso

Imethane yikhemikhali enefomula yekhemikhali CH4 (iathomu enye yekhabhoni kunye neeathom ezine zehydrogen). Liqela-14 ihydride kunye nealkane elula, kwaye yeyona nto iphambili yegesi yendalo. Ubuninzi bemethane eMhlabeni buyenza ibe sisibaso esinomtsalane, nangona ukuyibamba nokuyigcina kubangela imingeni ngenxa yemeko yayo yegesi phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zobushushu kunye noxinzelelo.
Imethane yendalo ifumaneka ngaphantsi komhlaba naphantsi komgangatho wolwandle. Xa ifika kumphezulu kunye nomoya, yaziwa ngokuba yi-atmospheric methane. Uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheri yemethane yoMhlaba lunyuke malunga ne-150% ukusukela ngo-1750, kwaye luthatha i-20% yetotali yokunyanzeliswa kokusasazeka kwemitha kuzo zonke iigesi eziphila ixesha elide kunye nezixubeneyo zehlabathi.

Inkcazo

Ukupakisha&UkuThumela

Isicelo

NjengeFuel
I<em>methane isetyenziselwa ukubasa ii-oveni, izindlu, izifudumezi zamanzi, iitoni, iimoto, iiinjini zomoya nezinye izinto. Itshisa ngeoksijini ukudala umlilo.

Kwishishini leMichiza
I-Methane iguqulwa ibe yigesi ye-tosynthesis, umxube wekhabhon monokside kunye ne-hydrogen, ngokuguqulwa komphunga.

Usebenzisa

Imethane isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zemichiza yemizi-mveliso kwaye inokuthuthwa njengolwelo olufakwe efrijini (igesi yendalo engamanzi, okanye i-LNG). Ngelixa ukuvuza okuvela kwisikhongozeli solwelo esinesikhenkcezisi ekuqaleni kunobunzima kunomoya ngenxa yokwanda koxinzelelo lwerhasi ebandayo, irhasi kumaqondo obushushu akwindawo engqongileyo ikhaphukhaphu kunomoya. Imibhobho yerhasi isasaza izixa ezikhulu zerhasi yendalo, apho imethane iyinxalenye ephambili.

1.Izibaso
I<em>methane isetyenziselwa ukubasa ii-oveni, izindlu, izifudumezi zamanzi, iikontini, iimoto, iiinjini zomoya nezinye izinto. Itshisa ngeoksijini ukwenza ubushushu.

2.Igesi yendalo
Imethane ibalulekile ekuveliseni umbane ngokuyitshisa njengamafutha kwiinjini yegesi okanye ijenereyitha yomphunga. Xa kuthelekiswa namanye amafutha e-hydrocarbon, i-methane ivelisa i-carbon dioxide encinci kwiyunithi nganye yobushushu ekhutshiweyo. Malunga ne-891 kJ/mol, ubushushu bokutsha bemethane bungaphantsi kunayo nayiphi na enye i-hydrocarbon kodwa umlinganiselo wobushushu bokutsha (891 kJ/mol) kubunzima bemolekyuli (16.0 g/mol, apho i-12.0 g/mol yikhabhoni) ibonisa ukuba imethane, yeyona hydrocarbon ilula, ivelisa ubushushu obuninzi ngeyunithi yobunzima (55.7 kJ/g) kunezinye iihydrocarbon ezintsonkothileyo. Kwizixeko ezininzi, i<em>methane ithunyelwa ngemibhobho kumakhaya ukuze kufudunyezwe yaye kuphekwe. Kulo mxholo ngokuqhelekileyo kwaziwa ngokuba yigesi yendalo, ethathwa njengomxholo wamandla we-39 megajoules nge-cubic meter nganye, okanye i-1,000 BTU nge-cubic foot eqhelekileyo.

Imethane ekwimo yerhasi yendalo ecinezelweyo isetyenziswa njengamafutha esithuthi kwaye kuthiwa ihambelana nokusingqongileyo kunezinye izibaso zefosili njengepetroli/ipetroli kunye nedizili.Uphando kwiindlela zogcino lwemethane ukuze lusetyenziswe njengamafutha emoto lwenziwe. .

3.Irhasi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo
I-Liquefied natural gas (LNG) yigesi yendalo (ikakhulu i-methane, i-CH4) eguqulelwe kwimo yolwelo ukuze kube lula ukugcinwa okanye ukuthutha.Iitanki ze-LNG ezixabisa kakhulu ziyafuneka ukuthutha imethane.

Irhasi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo ithatha malunga ne-1/600 yomthamo werhasi yendalo kwindawo enegesi. Ayinavumba, ayinambala, ayinatyhefu kwaye ayinamhlwa. Iingozi ziquka ukutsha emva kokufunxa kwimo yegesi, umkhenkce, kunye ne-asphyxia.

4.I-liquid-methane rocket fuel
Imethane yolwelo esulungekileyo isetyenziswa njengamafutha e-rocket.I-Methane ixelwa ukuba ibonelela ngenzuzo ngaphezulu kwe-kerosene yokufaka i-carbon encinci kwiindawo zangaphakathi ze-rocket motors, inciphisa ubunzima bokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwee-boosters.

IMethane ininzi kwiindawo ezininzi zesixokelelwano seSolar kwaye inokuvunwa kumphezulu womnye umzimba wesixokelelwano selanga (ingakumbi, kusetyenziswa imveliso yemethane evela kwimathiriyeli yasekuhlaleni efunyenwe kuMars okanye iTitan), inika amafutha ohambo lokubuya.

5.Isondlo semichiza
I-Methane iguqulwa ibe yigesi ye-synthesis, umxube we-carbon monoxide kunye ne-hydrogen, ngokuguqulwa komphunga. Le nkqubo ye-endergonic (ifuna amandla) isebenzisa ii-catalysts kwaye ifuna amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, malunga ne-700-1100 °C.

Amanyathelo oncedo lokuqala

Uqhagamshelo lamehlo:Akukho efunekayo kwirhasi. Ukuba kukrokrelwa ukuba yingqele, gumba amehlo ngamanzi apholileyo imizuzu eli-15 kwaye ufumane unyango ngoko nangoko.
SkinContactAkukho nanye ifuna iforgas. Xa udibana nesikhumba okanye iqabaka ekrokrelekayo, susa impahla engcolisekileyo kwaye ugungxule iindawo ezichaphazelekileyo ngamanzi ashushu. .
Ukuphefumla:UKUNGQWALASELWA NGOKWENQWELO NGOKUQWELEKILEYO KUYO YONKE IMIBUZO YOKUFUTHANA I-OVEREXPOSURE. ABASEBENZI BOKUHLANGULA KUFUNEKA BAXHOBE NGESIXHOBO ESIZIPHEFUMELAYO. Amaxhoba okuphefumla ngokuqaphela kufuneka ancediswe kwindawo engangcoliswanga kwaye aphefumle umoya omtsha. Ukuba ukuphefumla kunzima, nikezela ngeoksijini. Abantu abangekho zingqondweni kufuneka bafuduselwe kwindawo engangcolisekanga kwaye, njengoko kuyimfuneko, banikwe ukuphefumla okufakelweyo kunye neoksijini eyongezelelweyo. Unyango kufuneka lube neempawu kwaye luxhase.
Ukungeniswa:Akukho phantsi kokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo.Fumana unyango ukuba iimpawu ziyenzeka.
Inqaku likaGqirha:Nyanga ngeempawu.

Imethane yangaphandle
Imethane ifunyenwe okanye kukholelwa ukuba ikhona kuzo zonke iiplanethi zesixokelelwano selanga kunye noninzi lweenyanga ezinkulu. Ngaphandle kwe-Mars enokwenzeka, kukholelwa ukuba ivela kwiinkqubo ze-abiotic.
IMethane (CH4) kuMars – imithombo enokubakho kunye neesinki.
I-Methane iye yacetywa njengento enokwenzeka yokuqhubela phambili kwiimishini zeMars kwixesha elizayo ngenxa yokuba nokwenzeka kokuyidibanisa kwisijikelezi-langa ngokusetyenziswa kobutyebi obukwi-situ.[58] Ulungelelwaniso lwe-Sabatier methanation reaction inokusetyenziselwa ibhedi exubeneyo ye-catalyst kunye ne-reverse water-gas shift kwi-reactor enye ukuvelisa imethane evela kwizinto ezikrwada ezifumaneka kuMars, kusetyenziswa amanzi asuka kumhlaba ongaphantsi kweMartian kunye nekhabhon diokside kwi-atmosfera yaseMartian. .

Imethane inokuveliswa yinkqubo engeyiyo eyebhayoloji ebizwa ngokuba yi ''serpentinization[a] ebandakanya amanzi, icarbon dioxide, kunye nemineral olivine, eyaziwa njengexhaphake kuMars.