I-Methane yikhemikhali equlethe ifomula yekhemikhali i-CH4 (i-athomu enye yekhabhoni kunye nee-athomu ezine ze-hydrogen).

Intshayelelo yeMveliso

I-Methane yikhemikhali equlethe ifomula yekhemikhali i-CH4 (i-atom enye yekhabhoni kunye nee-athomu ezine ze-hydrogen). Yi-hydride yeqela le-14 kwaye yeyona alkane ilula, kwaye yeyona nto iphambili kwigesi yendalo. Ubuninzi be-methane eMhlabeni buyenza ibe yipetroli ekhangayo, nangona ukuyibamba nokuyigcina kubangela imingeni ngenxa yemeko yayo yegesi phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zobushushu kunye noxinzelelo.
I-methane yendalo ifumaneka ngaphantsi komhlaba nangaphantsi kolwandle. Xa ifika kumphezulu nakwi-atmosphere, yaziwa ngokuba yi-atmospheric methane. Uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric methane yoMhlaba lunyuke malunga ne-150% ukusukela ngo-1750, kwaye lubangela i-20% ye-radiative force iyonke evela kuzo zonke iigesi ze-greenhouse ezihlala ixesha elide nezixutyiweyo kwihlabathi liphela.

Inkcazo

Ukupakisha kunye nokuthumela

Isicelo

Njengepetroli
I-methane isetyenziswa njengepetroli kwii-oven, emakhaya, kwizifudumezi zamanzi, kwii-oven, kwiimoto, kwiiturbines, nakwezinye izinto. Itsha ngeoksijini ukuze idale umlilo.

Kwishishini leeKhemikhali
I-Methane iguqulwa ibe yigesi yokwenziwa, umxube we-carbon monoxide kunye ne-hydrogen, ngokuguqulwa komphunga.

Ukusetyenziswa

I-Methane isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zeekhemikhali zoshishino kwaye ingathuthwa njengolwelo olufrijiweyo (igesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo, okanye i-LNG). Nangona ukuvuza okuvela kwisikhongozeli solwelo olufrijiweyo ekuqaleni kunzima kunomoya ngenxa yokwanda koxinano lwegesi ebandayo, igesi ekubushushu obuphakathi ilula kunomoya. Imibhobho yegesi isasaza ubungakanani obukhulu begesi yendalo, apho i-methane yeyona nto iphambili.

1. Ipetroli
I-Methane isetyenziswa njengepetroli kwii-oven, emakhaya, kwizifudumezi zamanzi, kwii-oven, kwiimoto, kwii-turbines, nakwezinye izinto. Itsha nge-oxygen ukuze idale ubushushu.

2. Igesi yendalo
I-Methane ibalulekile ekuveliseni umbane ngokuyitshisa njengepetroli kwi-turbine yegesi okanye kwi-steam generator. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izibaso ze-hydrocarbon, i-methane ivelisa ikharbon dioxide encinci kwiyunithi nganye yobushushu obukhutshwayo. Malunga ne-891 kJ/mol, ubushushu bokutsha kwe-methane buphantsi kunayo nayiphi na enye i-hydrocarbon kodwa umlinganiselo wobushushu bokutsha (891 kJ/mol) kwi-molecular mass (16.0 g/mol, apho i-12.0 g/mol yikharbon) ubonisa ukuba i-methane, ekubeni yeyona hydrocarbon ilula, ivelisa ubushushu obuninzi ngeyunithi nganye yobunzima (55.7 kJ/g) kunezinye ii-hydrocarbons ezintsonkothileyo. Kwizixeko ezininzi, i-methane ifakwa kwiipayipi emakhaya ukuze ifudumale kwaye ipheke. Kule meko idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yigesi yendalo, ethathwa njengomxholo wamandla we-39 megajoules nge-cubic meter, okanye i-1,000 BTU nge-cubic foot eqhelekileyo.

I-methane ngohlobo lwegesi yendalo ecinezelweyo isetyenziswa njengepetroli yesithuthi kwaye kuthiwa inobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo ngakumbi kunezinye amafutha efosili afana nepetroli/ipetroli kunye nedizili. Uphando malunga neendlela zokufunxa i-methane yokugcina ipetroli yesithuthi luye lwenziwa.

3. Igesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo
Igesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo (LNG) yigesi yendalo (ikakhulu i-methane, i-CH4) eguqulwe yaba yimo yolwelo ukuze kube lula ukuyigcina okanye ukuyithutha. Kufuneka iitanki ze-LNG ezibizayo ukuze kuthuthwe i-methane.

Igesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo ithatha malunga ne-1/600th yomthamo wegesi yendalo kwimeko yegesi. Ayinavumba, ayinambala, ayinatyhefu kwaye ayibolisi. Iingozi ziquka ukutsha emva kokuphekwa ibe yigesi, ukubanda, kunye nokufutha.

4. I-rocket fuel ye-Liquid-methane
I-methane engamanzi ecociweyo isetyenziswa njenge-rocket fuel. Kuthiwa i-methane inika inzuzo ngaphezu kwe-kerosene yokubeka ikhabhoni encinci kwiindawo zangaphakathi zee-rocket motors, nto leyo enciphisa ubunzima bokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwee-boosters.

I-Methane ininzi kwiindawo ezininzi zenkqubo yelanga kwaye inokuthi ifunxwe phezu komnye umzimba wenkqubo yelanga (ingakumbi, kusetyenziswa imveliso ye-methane kwizinto zasekuhlaleni ezifumaneka kwiMars okanye kwiTitan), nto leyo enika amandla okubuyela umva.

5. I-feedstock yekhemikhali
I-Methane iguqulwa ibe yi-synthesis gas, umxube we-carbon monoxide kunye ne-hydrogen, ngokuguqula umphunga. Le nkqubo ye-endergonic (efuna amandla) isebenzisa ii-catalysts kwaye ifuna amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, malunga ne-700–1100 °C.

Amanyathelo oncedo lokuqala

Uqhagamshelo lamehlo:Akukho nto ifunekayo kwigesi. Ukuba kurhanelwa ukuba kukho iqabaka, hlambulula amehlo ngamanzi abandayo imizuzu eli-15 uze ufumane unyango ngokukhawuleza.
Ulusu oluQhagamshelana nalo:Akukho mfuneko yokugabha. Xa ulusu luthe lwadibana okanye kukho iqabaka elirhabaxa, susa impahla engcolileyo uze uhlambe iindawo ezichaphazelekayo ngamanzi afudumeleyo. MUSA UKUSEBENZISA AMANZI ASHUSHU. Ugqirha kufuneka abone isigulana ngokukhawuleza ukuba ulusu luthe lwadibana nalo luye lwabangela ukudumba komphezulu wesikhumba okanye ukuba izicubu ezinzulu zibe lukhuni.
Ukuphefumla:INGQAPHELO YONYANGO NGOKUKHAWULEZILEYO IYAFUNEKA KUZO ZONKE IIMEKO ZOKUPHEFUMLA NGOKUGQITHISILEYO. ABASEBENZI BOKUHLANGULA MABAXHOTYISWE NGEZIXHOBO ZOKUPHEFUMLA EZIZIQINISEKILEYO. Amaxhoba okuphefumla engqondweni kufuneka ancediswe kwindawo engangcoliswanga kwaye aphefumle umoya omtsha. Ukuba ukuphefumla kunzima, nika ioksijini. Abantu abangazi nto kufuneka bafuduselwe kwindawo engangcoliswanga kwaye, njengoko kuyimfuneko, banikwe ukuvuselelwa okwenziweyo kunye neoksijini eyongezelelweyo. Unyango kufuneka lube neempawu kwaye luxhase.
Ukuginya:Akukho nto isetyenziswa ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Fumana uncedo lwezonyango ukuba kukho iimpawu.
Amanqaku kuGqirha:Nyanga ngeempawu.

I-methane engaphandle komhlaba
I-Methane ifunyenwe okanye kukholeleka ukuba ikhona kuzo zonke iiplanethi zenkqubo yelanga nakwinkoliso yeenyanga ezinkulu. Ngaphandle kweMars, kukholelwa ukuba ivela kwiinkqubo ze-abiotic.
IMethane (CH4) kwiMars – imithombo enokubakho kunye nezinki.
I-Methane icetywayo njengesixhobo esinokuthi siqhushumbise iirokhethi kwimisebenzi yeMars yexesha elizayo ngenxa yokuba kungenzeka ukuba yenziwe emhlabeni ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ze-in situ.[58] Uhlengahlengiso lwe-Sabatier methanation reaction lungasetyenziswa kunye ne-mixed catalyst bed kunye ne-reverse water-gas shift kwi-single reactor ukuvelisa i-methane kwizinto eziluhlaza ezikhoyo kwiMars, kusetyenziswa amanzi avela kumhlaba ongaphantsi kweMars kunye ne-carbon dioxide emoyeni weMars.

I-Methane inokuveliswa yinkqubo engeyoyabhayoloji ebizwa ngokuba yi-'serpentinization[a] equka amanzi, i-carbon dioxide, kunye ne-mineral olivine, eyaziwa ngokuba ixhaphakile kwiMars.