Elona xesha libi kakhuluI-HeliumUkunqongophala kwe-4.0 kufanele kuphele, kodwa kuphela ukuba ukusebenza okuzinzileyo, ukuqala kwakhona kunye nokukhuthaza amaziko emithambo-luvo abalulekileyo kwihlabathi liphela kufezekisiwe njengoko bekucwangcisiwe. Amaxabiso asezantsi nawo aya kuhlala ephezulu kwixesha elifutshane.
Unyaka wemida yokubonelela ngeenkonzo, uxinzelelo lokuthunyelwa kwempahla kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye neemfazwe kunye neengozi, imingeni yenkqubo yezempilo kunye nokunyuka kwemfuno ye-semiconductor kudale isivuthuvuthu esifanelekileyo kubaqhubi be-helium. Ngomhla wokuvulwa kwengqungquthela ye-MENA Industrial Gases ka-2022 e-Abu Dhabi, umyalezo ocacileyo ovela kwi-helium yehlabathi kunye nendima yommandla we-MENA kwiikhonkco zokubonelela ngeenkonzo kukuba kunokubakho isizathu sokuba nethemba - nokuba kungeemveliso ezintsha okanye amandla okuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto kunye neemarike ziyaphuhla.
Ii-heliumImarike ifumene uxinzelelo olungazange lubonwe ngaphambili, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuqhuma kwegesi kwisityalo esikhulu saseGazprom eNew Amur. Ukuba iya kubuyela kwimeko yayo yamva nje kulo nyaka (2023), inokuba negalelo elikhulu ekunikezeni nasekuncedeni amaxabiso aphantsi.
Enyanisweni, ngokutsho kukaPhil Kornbluth, iprojekthi yokucubungula igesi yeGazprom-Amur iya kuba yeyona nto iphambili echaphazelai-heliumimakethi kwiminyaka emine ezayo. UKornbluth uthe ezinye izinto ezibangela ukunqongophala kweHelium 4.0 kukuphela kweyunithi yokuhluza i-helium engcolileyo ye-BLM, ukulungiswa okucwangcisiweyo eQatar, ukuphambukiswa kwegesi evela eAlgeria ngokuyinxenye kwimveliso ye-LNG, imibhobho engaphantsi kolwandle ukuya eYurophu ngenxa yengxabano yase-Ukraine, kwaye kutshanje ukuncipha kwegesi ye-Australia Feed kwisityalo saseDarwin kunye nomlilo kwisityalo sokucubungula igesi saseHaven KS. Ukukhula okuncinci kwemfuno malunga ne-2-4%, okubangelwa kukwakhiwa okutsha okusemgangathweni, kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki ezidlula i-MRI njengesicelo esiphambili - ukukhula okuncinci kwemfuno kuya kuqhubeka kuphela.
Ukususela phakathi kuJanuwari ukuya phakathi kuJuni, i-crudei-heliumUkungabikho kweyunithi yokuphucula umhlaba (i-CHEU) kwi-US Bureau of Land Management (BLM) kunciphisa ukutyeba kwe-helium eluhlaza, kunciphisa igesi yokutya ukuya kwiindlela ezine eziphambilii-heliumizityalo ezikhupha ulwelo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kuqikelelwa ukuba i-10% yobonelelo lwehlabathi lonke iyasuswa kwimarike. Ukuba i-BLM ingaqhubeka isebenza ngokuzinzileyo, okona kubi kakhuluI-HeliumUkunqongophala kwe-4.0 kufanele ukuba kuphelile kwaye u-2023 usenokuba ngunyaka wotshintsho oluya kubonelelo olwaneleyo, kodwa konke kuxhomekeke kwixesha kunye nobukhulu bemveliso ye-Amur.
Kunokubakho ezinyei-heliumimveliso e-Amur iqala phakathi kowama-2023, kodwa kusekho ukungaqiniseki okukhulu malunga naloo mihla. Kakade ke, ixesha lokuqalisa kwakhona lihlehlisiwe yimfazwe e-Ukraine, kwaye ngenxa yezohlwayo, ukuhanjiswa kweemveliso okanye izikhongozeli zokuthumela ukuya nokubuya e-Amur kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi.
UKornbluth uthe amaxabiso esivumelwano aza kuqhubeka enyuka kakhulu, eqhutywa kukuwohloka kweendleko ezivela eQatar naseExxonMobil, kwaye amaxabiso angabonakaliyo aza kuqhubeka enyuka. Imbono iphinda ingabonakali kakuhle kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo kwaye ixhomekeke kakhulu ku-2023 ozinzileyo. Ingqwalasela kwakhona kukuba isityalo saseAmur siza kuvulwa nini kwakhona ekugqibeleni. Amaxabiso kufuneka anciphe xa unikezelo lwe-Amur lufika kwimarike kwaye unikezelo kufuneka lube lukhulu ngo-2024, kodwa ngenxa yokungaqiniseki okujikeleze izigwebo zase-Ukraine naseRashiya oku akuqinisekanga,
Ngokuphathelele umbono, iKornbluth inike iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga nohlaziyo lweeprojekthi kunye nezinto zemarike ezinokuchaphazela ihlabathi jikelele.i-heliumishishini ngo-2023 kwaye ekugqibeleni liphelise ukuNciphisa kweHelium 4.0.
Inkampani yePetroleum yase-Irkutsk iqalisa isityalo sayo esitsha saseYaraktinsky. Sisityalo esinomthamo we-250 yezigidi zeekubhiki ngonyaka. Oko akwanelanga ukuphelisa ukunqongophala xa sifikelela kumthamo opheleleyo, kodwa kuya kunika isiqabu. “Ngokuphathelele imbonakalo yekota yokuqala ka-2023, iGazprom ibixelela abantu kutshanje ukuba balindele ukuba uloliwe wabo wokuqala ube ngo-Epreli kwaye uloliwe wesibini ube emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa. Kodwa kuba nje iGazprom ithe iza kuqala ngo-Epreli, oko akuthethi ukuba kuza kwenzeka. Kude kube ngoko,i-heliumimakethi iya kuhlala ithengiswa kakhulu. Ezine kwezintlanu ezinkulu zehelium zabela izinto ezifunekayo, nangona kwezinye iimeko, ukususela oko iipesenti ze-BLM Allocation zinyukile ukusukela oko yaqalisa kwakhona i-CHEU yayo.
"Ngokubanzi, ixesha elibi kakhulu lokunqongophala mhlawumbi liphelile. Kodwa kuxhomekeke kwixesha kunye nobukhulu bemveliso ye-Amur. Ukuba i-Amur ayiqali, siya kuba nokunqongophala kulo lonke ixesha lika-2023. Ukuba i-Amur iqala ngo-Epreli kwaye uloliwe wesibini uza emva kweenyanga ezimbini kwaye usebenza ngokuthembekileyo, ngoko ke kufuneka sibone isiqabu ekunqongopheni.
Okokugqibela, umbuzo obuzwa rhoqo - niniI-HeliumUkunqongophala kwe-4.0 kuyaphela? Impendulo koku inethemba, kwiinyanga ezi-9 ukuya kwezili-12 ukususela ngoku. Kufuneka sigxile kwakhona kwi-Amur ngo-2023/24. Ngokuphathelele imfazwe yase-Ukraine, ukuthunyelwa kwe-helium engamanzi kude kube ngoku akukahlawulwa. Ukusukela ngoJanuwari, ukuthunyelwa kwe-helium yaseRashiya bekungahlawulwanga. Ewe, le meko inokutshintsha nangaliphi na ixesha, kwaye ukuba izohlwayo bezinokuthintela amaqabane eGazprom kwisivumelwano ekuzalisekiseni izivumelwano zawo, zinokunciphisa kwaye zilibazise impembelelo yokunikezelwa kwe-Amur kwimarike yehlabathi kwaye zandise.I-HeliumUkunqongophala kwe-4.0 kude kube ngu-2024.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-01-2023
