IHydrogen chloride (HCl)

Iiparamitha zobuGcisa:

IHydrogen chloride inefomula yeekhemikhali iHCl. I-athomu ye-hydrogen chloride yenziwe nge-athomu ye-chlorine kunye ne-athomu ye-hydrogen. Yigesi engenambala nevumba elinukayo. Irhasi eyolisayo, engatshiyo, ayisebenzi emanzini kodwa inyibilika lula emanzini. Ihlala ikhona emoyeni ngendlela ye-hydrochloric acid fumes. IHydrogen chloride inyibilika ngokulula kwi-ethanol kunye ne-ether, kwaye inyibilika nakwezinye izinto ezininzi eziphilayo; Inyibilika ngokulula kakhulu emanzini, kwi-0 ° C, umthamo om-1 wamanzi unokunyibilika malunga nemithamo engama-500 yehydrogen chloride. Isisombululo sayo samanzi saziwa ngokuba yi-hydrochloric acid, kwaye igama layo lesayensi yi-hydrochloric acid. I-hydrochloric acid egxininisiweyo iyaguquguquka. IHydrogen chloride ayinambala, neqondo lokunyibilika elingu -114.2°C kunye neqondo lokubila elingu -85°C. Ayitshi emoyeni kwaye izinzile ngokushushu. Ayiboli de ibe malunga ne-1500°C. Inevumba elifuthaniselekayo, inomcaphuko oqinileyo kumqolo ongasentla wokuphefumla, kwaye iyonakalisa amehlo, ulusu kunye nenwebu. Uxinaniso lukhulu kunomoya. Iimpawu zeekhemikhali ze-hydrogen chloride eyomileyo azisebenzi kakhulu. Isinyithi sealkali kunye nealkaline yomhlaba isinyithi zinokutsha kwihydrogen chloride, kwaye xa isodium isitsha, ikhupha idangatye elimthubi eliqaqambileyo. I-Hydrogen chloride isetyenziselwa kwishishini lepetrochemical ukukhuthaza ukusebenza kunye nokuhlaziywa kwee-catalysts kunye nokwandisa i-viscosity ye-petroleum; ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-chlorosulfonic acid, irabha yokwenziwa, njl.; Isenokusetyenziswa ukwenza idayi, iziqholo, iziyobisi synthesis, chlorides ezahlukeneyo kunye inhibitors corrosion, kunye nokucoca, Pickling, electroplating metal, ukusukwa, ukusulungekiswa okanye ukuvelisa isinyithi enzima. Igesi ephezulu ye-hydrogen chloride ecocekileyo isetyenziswa kakhulu ekukhuleni kwe-silicon epitaxial, ukupolisha kwesigaba somphunga, ukufumana, ukubethelwa kunye neenkqubo zokucoca kwishishini le-elektroniki.

Isicelo:

① Izinto:

Uninzi lwe-hydrogen chloride lusetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe-hydrochloric acid. Kwakhona i-reagent ebalulekileyo kwezinye iinguqu zeekhemikhali zoshishino.

②Semiconductor:

Kwishishini le-semiconductor, isetyenziselwa zombini iikristale ze-semiconductor kunye nokucoca i-silicon nge-trichlorosilane (SiHCl3).

③Labhoratri:

Kwilabhoratri, iifom zerhasi ezingenamanzi ziluncedo kakhulu ekuveliseni iiasidi zeLewis esekwe kwikloride, ekufuneka yome ngokupheleleyo ukuze iisayithi zabo zaseLewis zisebenze.

Iphakheji eqhelekileyo:

Izinto eziluncedo:

①Ukucoceka okuphezulu, indawo yamva nje;

②ISO umenzi wesatifikethi;

③Ukuhanjiswa okukhawulezayo;

④Inkqubo yokuhlalutya kwi-intanethi yokulawula umgangatho kwinqanaba ngalinye;

⑤Imfuno ephezulu kunye nenkqubo enobuchule yokuphatha isilinda ngaphambi kokuzaliswa;