Iacetylene (C2H2)

Iiparamitha zobugcisa

I-acetylene, i-molecular formula C2H2, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-wind coal okanye i-calcium carbide gas, lelona lungu lincinci le-alkyne compounds. I-acetylene yirhasi engenambala, enetyhefu encinci kwaye inokutsha ngokugqithisileyo ene-anesthetic ebuthathaka kunye nefuthe lokuchasa i-oxidation phantsi kobushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo. Inyibilika kancinane emanzini, inyibilika kwi-ethanol, benzene, kunye ne-acetone. I-acetylene ecocekileyo ayinavumba, kodwa i-acetylene ye-industrial inevumba legalikhi kuba iqulethe ukungcola okufana ne-hydrogen sulfide kunye ne-phosphine. I-acetylene ecocekileyo yirhasi engenambala nevumba elivuthayo. Isenokugqabhuka ngamandla kulwelo nakwimeko eqinileyo okanye kwimeko yegesi kunye noxinzelelo oluthile. Izinto ezinjengobushushu, ukungcangcazela, kunye nentlantsi yombane zinokubangela ugqabhuko-dubulo, ngoko ke ayinakunyibilika phantsi koxinzelelo. Ukugcinwa okanye ukuthutha. Kwi-15 ° C kunye ne-1.5MPa, ukunyibilika kwi-acetone kuphezulu kakhulu, kunye ne-solubility ye-237g / L, ngoko ke i-acetylene ye-industrial i-acetylene echithwe kwi-acetone, ebizwa ngokuba yi-acetylene enyibilikayo. Ngoko ke, kwishishini, kwiisilinda zetsimbi ezizaliswe ngezinto ezixubileyo ezifana ne-asbestos, i-acetylene ixinzelelwe kwizinto ezinqabileyo emva kokuthatha i-acetone yokugcina kunye nokuthutha. Irhasi yeAcetylene inokuvelisa ubushushu obuphezulu xa itshisiwe. Ubushushu belangatye le-oxyacetylene linokufikelela malunga ne-3200 ℃. Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukusika isinyithi njengokwakhiwa kweenqanawa kunye nesakhiwo sensimbi; isetyenziselwa i-organic synthesis (ukwenza i-acetaldehyde, i-acetic acid, i-benzene, i-rubber yokwenziwa, i-synthetic fibers, njl.), iyeza le-Synthetic kunye ne-chemical intermediates i-vinyl acetylene okanye i-divinyl acetylene; isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iigesi eziqhelekileyo ezifana negesi esemgangathweni yohlalutyo lwe-oyile ye-transformer. Igesi ye-acetylene ecocekileyo isetyenziselwa ukufunxa i-athomu kunye nezinye izixhobo. Indlela yokupakisha i-acetylene idla ngokuchithwa kwii-solvents kunye nezinto ezixubileyo kwaye izaliswe kwiisilinda zetsimbi. Gcina kwindawo epholileyo, nengena umoya. Zigcine kude nomlilo kunye nemithombo yobushushu. Ubushushu bokugcina akufunekanga budlule kuma-30°C. Kufuneka igcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwi-oxidants, i-acids, kunye ne-halogens, kwaye ugweme ukugcinwa okuxubileyo. Sebenzisa izibane ezingagqabhukiyo kunye nezixhobo zokungenisa umoya. Akuvumelekanga ukusebenzisa izixhobo zoomatshini kunye nezixhobo ezixhomekeke kwiintlantsi. Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo oluvuzayo.

Isicelo:

①Ukusika kunye nentsimbi yentsimbi:

Xa i-acetylene itshisa, inokuvelisa ukushisa okuphezulu. Ubushushu belangatye le-oxyacetylene linokufikelela malunga ne-3200 ℃, esetyenziselwa ukusika kunye nokuwelda isinyithi.

②Imathiriyeli ekrwada yeekhemikhali:

I-acetylene yimathiriyeli esisiseko yokwenziwa kwe-acetaldehyde, i-acetic acid, ibenzene, irabha yokwenziwa, kunye neentsinga zokwenziwa.

③ Uvavanyo

Ukucoceka okuphezulu kwe-acetylene kungasetyenziswa kwezinye iimvavanyo.

Iphakheji eqhelekileyo: